Palmaris Longus Muscle’s Prevalence in Different Nations and Interesting Anatomical Variations: Review of the Literature

Introduction. Congenital Palmaris Longus (PL) absence was found in 15%–20.25% of population globally. This condition and Flexor Digitorum Superficialis (FDS) tendon absence in little finger are not known in Saudi Arabia. We studied prevalence of PL and FDS agenesis in Saudi Arabian population. Methods. A random cross-sectional study was carried out after an ethical approval in the Riyadh universities. Schaeffer's test was used to examine PL absence. The Modified test was used to examine FDS absence. Data was analyzed using Microsoft Excel and the SPSS Software version 22. Results. The volunteers, 331, males 164 (49.5%) and females 167 (50.5%), mean age of 23 (SD ± 5.3), showed right hand dominance in 294 (88.8%) and bilateral absence of PL and FDS in 15.1% and 14.8%, respectively. The hand dominance showed no significant relation between PL and FDS absence, p value = 0.788, 0.835, respectively. Generally, we found a weak correlation between absence of the PL and FDS, p value ≥ 0.595. Conclusion. The bilateral absence of PL and FDS was found as 15.1% and 14.8%, respectively. Variation of the FDS tendon absence was an independent entity for the PL absence. The dominance of hands was not related to the tested variables found in PL and FDS agenesis.

show abstract

“…It was also specified that the Caucasian population showed 5.5% prevalence [4]. In our study, the percentage lies within Ioannis range.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Clinical Assessment of the Congenital Absence of Palmaris Longus and Flexor Digitorum Superficialis Muscles in Young Saudi Population

Alzahrani

Almalki

Al-Thunayan

et al. 2017

Anatomy Research International

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The main challenge in the attempt to create a topographical map is the individuality of the forearm muscular setup, such as the high variability/absence of the palmaris longus muscle. Estimates of the frequency of its absence in humans range from 1.5% to 63.9% . In our examination, eight participants (four males and four females) showed a palmaris longus muscle.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Mapping of finger fascicles within the flexor digitorum superficialis and profundus muscles

2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Introduction In this study we aimed to systematically investigate and map localization of the individual finger fascicles within the flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) and the flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) muscles. Methods Using B‐mode ultrasonographic assessments, the right forearms of ten healthy participants (five males and five females) were examined during active and passive finger movements. Results: A topographical map indicating clear core areas of fascicle activation within the FDS and FDP muscles was created. Borders that could, to some degree, define individual differences were also indicated. Discussion Our findings offer a detailed image of fascicle distributions within the FDS and FDP muscles. Various challenges, such as managing individual muscular profiles or the existence of the palmaris longus muscle, are discussed and should always be taken into consideration. The current map can serve as a general orientation for future measurements or injection therapies.

show abstract

“…It originates together with other superficial forearm flexors from the medial epicondyle and is covered by the anterobrachial fascia. [19][20][21][22] The short belly transforms into a long, thin tendon which lies medial to the flexor carpi radialis. It passes above the flexor retinaculum and continues with the palmar aponeurosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypertrophied reverse palmaris longus muscle: a rare cause of carpal tunnel syndrome

2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is usually secondary to compression or irritation of the median nerve in the fibro-osseous canal formed by the flexor retinaculum (transverse carpal ligament) and the carpal bones. The prevalence of CTS in the general population is about 7 to 19%. Several causes both local and systemic have been described, but CTS due to aberrant musculature are rare. Here we report a case of a middle-aged female with paresthesia of the hand and a positive Phalen’s test with nerve conduction study of the median nerve showing sensorimotor neuropathy. The patient underwent surgery for open CTS release where we found a hypertrophied reverse palmaris longus muscle attached to the palmar aponeurosis which was excised along with its proximal tendon. On post-operative follow up all the symptoms of CTS were completely resolved. Muscle abnormalities concern three muscles: the palmaris longus, the flexor digitorum superficialis of index, and the lumbricals. These muscles can be hypertrophied, bifid, duplicated, digastric, inverted or have an abnormal insertion, thus creating a mechanical restriction of the carpal tunnel. Surgical resection of abnormal muscle provides excellent functional recovery.

show abstract

Palmaris Longus Muscle’s Prevalence in Different Nations and Interesting Anatomical Variations: Review of the Literature

Cited by 52 publications

References 38 publications

Clinical Assessment of the Congenital Absence of Palmaris Longus and Flexor Digitorum Superficialis Muscles in Young Saudi Population

Clinical Assessment of the Congenital Absence of Palmaris Longus and Flexor Digitorum Superficialis Muscles in Young Saudi Population

Mapping of finger fascicles within the flexor digitorum superficialis and profundus muscles

Hypertrophied reverse palmaris longus muscle: a rare cause of carpal tunnel syndrome

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About