Palm oil: Addressing issues and towards sustainable development

Tan, Kok Tat; Lee, Keat Teong; Bhatia, Subhash

doi:10.1016/j.rser.2007.10.001

Cited by 290 publications

(156 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…The numerical results of statistical analysis, effects and coefficients, suggested that by employing a combination of smaller seed granulomety, molar ratio 30:1, temperature of 265˚C, and water concentrations of 17%, we can improve the yield of esters. These considerations are in accordance with the results of other authors [1] [7]- [10].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

“…The study was conducted under the following experimental conditions: molar ratio ethanol: 40:1 oil pressure of 200 bar and temperatures of 325˚C, 300˚C, and 275˚C with a flow rate of 0.8 to 2.5 mL/min [7]. The production of esters with supercritical process is slightly improved in the presence of water with concentrations of 4% to 20% w/w [10].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Production of Biodiesel with Seed Soybean and Supercritical Ethanol

Mariano¹,

Lopes²,

Dias³

et al. 2014

JSBS

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This paper presents a study of biodiesel production by a non-catalytical process. The innovation in this study is the use of novel materials for production: seed soybean (Glycine Max) "in natura" and ethanol in a supercritical state. To conduct the experiments, a bench reactor with a capacity of 150 mL, resistant to pressure of up to 300 bar and temperature of 350˚C was developed. The fractional factorial experimental design ( − 4 1 IV 2 ) was used to evaluate the temperature, seed granulometry, molar ratio ethanol/oil and water percent of the mixture. The best yield observed was that of 94.07%, 10 minutes after the reactor entered a supercritical condition. Significant effects on seed granulometry, molar ratio ethanol, oil and temperature were verified. From the proposed process, biodiesel and toasted soybean seed were obtained. To purify the biodiesel sample it was necessary to use ultra-centrifugation to separate seed particles, and rotoevaporation to separate the fatty acid ethyl ester and unreacted ethanol. The chemical analyses were conducted directly by gas chromatography. The yield was calculated in accordance with concentrations obtained in the chromatographic analysis and seed mass of the experiment. Also checked was the presence of palmitate esters, stearate, oleate, linoleate and linolenate. By analyzing the ester composition it was possible to assess whether a good quality biodiesel was available. The roasted soybean seeds obtained after the reaction showed a calorific potential of 2203.17 kcal/kg and also were used as fuel.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of Biodiesel with Seed Soybean and Supercritical Ethanol

Mariano¹,

Lopes²,

Dias³

et al. 2014

JSBS

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“…Remote sensing is employed to monitor the unauthorized land conversion. The perpetrator is supposed to be suspended from their sustainability certificate or penalized with heavy compensation (Tan et al 2009). As demands arise, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) are employed to provide remote sensing services to monitor and audit land cover change as a compliance to RSPO standard (RSPO 2007).…”

Section: Land Cover Classificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of remote sensing applications for oil palm studies

Chong

Kanniah

Pohl

et al. 2017

Geo-spatial Information Science

138

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a faculty of Geoinformation and real estate, Universiti teknologi malaysia, Johor Bahru, malaysia; b centre for environmental sustainability and Water security (ipasa), research institute for sustainable environment (rise), Universiti teknologi malaysia, Johor Bahru, malaysia; c institute of computer science, University of osnabrueck, osnabrueck, Germany ABSTRACT Oil palm becomes an increasingly important source of vegetable oil for its production exceeds soybean, sunflower, and rapeseed. The growth of the oil palm industry causes degradation to the environment, especially when the expansion of plantations goes uncontrolled. Remote sensing is a useful tool to monitor the development of oil palm plantations. In order to promote the use of remote sensing in the oil palm industry to support their drive for sustainability, this paper provides an understanding toward the use of remote sensing and its applications to oil palm plantation monitoring. In addition, the existing knowledge gaps are identified and recommendations for further research are given.

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“…The land areas used for palm oil production are from old logging areas or unproductive forests rather than the virgin rainforests as claimed. Tan et al (2007) asserted that 64 percent of total land mass in Malaysia is rainforests as compared to United Kingdoms (UK) with a mere 12 percent. In addition to that, oil palm plantations only occupied 10 percent of the total mass land in the country.…”

Section: The Real Scenariomentioning

confidence: 99%

Malaysian Agricultural: Conventional and Extended Thoughts

Pek¹

2009

JSD

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The survival of the agricultural industry from the 1997 financial crisis attack ticks off the importance of this once 'sun-set' industry and the re-emphasis of its role as a growth catalyst to Malaysia. Agriculture, unlike the past, is no longer solely a food-based contributor but plays important non-food roles, which are multifunctional; economic, social, cultural and food security. This multifunctionality role of agriculture warrants sustainable development in the longer run. The current scenario of the Malaysian agricultural, specifically sustainable oil palm planting is deliberated against the negative claims of the world environmentalist. Extended thoughts on the possible ways of sustaining economic development through the idea of 'back to where you belong', equity and the possible changes of comparative advantage when ecology is considered, and efficiency and equity of ecosystem conservation are discussed.

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Palm oil: Addressing issues and towards sustainable development

Cited by 290 publications

References 1 publication

Production of Biodiesel with Seed Soybean and Supercritical Ethanol

Production of Biodiesel with Seed Soybean and Supercritical Ethanol

A review of remote sensing applications for oil palm studies

Malaysian Agricultural: Conventional and Extended Thoughts

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