Palaeoenvironmental changes since the Last Glacial Maximum: Patterns, timing and dynamics throughout South America

Holocene dynamics of vegetation change in southern and southeastern Brazil is consistent with climate forcing

“…South America stretches over both hemispheres from the low to the high latitudes so that the different beats of orbital cyclicity and their combinations may have influenced vegetation dynamics in different regions (Fontana et al, 2012). A marked and rapid shift in vegetation composition in the low latitudes of South America is the expansion of the Araucaria forest in southern Brazil.…”

Nothofagus forest dynamics and palaeoenvironmental variations during the mid and late Holocene, in southwest Patagonia

“…The vast diversity of present vegetation and environments that occur throughout South America (12°N to 56°S) is the result of diverse processes that have been operating and interacting at different spatial and temporal scales (Fontana et al, 2012). The west–east distribution of vegetation communities are related to the strong west–east precipitation gradient, nevertheless other environmental factors such as temperature, disturbances and the anthropogenic activities of the last century have triggered major vegetation changes (Fontana and Bennett, 2012; Jobbágy et al, 1996; Kitzberger, 2012).…”