Paf1 complex homologues are required for Notch‐regulated transcription during somite segmentation

Akanuma, Takashi; Koshida, Shinji; Kawamura, Akinori; Kishimoto, Yasuyuki; Takada, Shinji

doi:10.1038/sj.embor.7401045

Cited by 55 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…For example, Mixl1, Mesp1 and Flt1 were markedly upregulated, whereas Meox1 and Six1 were downregulated, suggesting that their dysregulation might contribute to the cardiovascular phenotype. Similarly, different members of the zebrafish PAF1C have been shown to be important for cardiac and neural crest specification (Nguyen et al, 2010), somite segmentation (Akanuma et al, 2007) and heart tube cardiomyocyte specification (Langenbacher et al, 2011).…”

Section: Setd5 In Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Setd5 is essential for mammalian development and the co-transcriptional regulation of histone acetylation

et al. 2016

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SET domain-containing proteins play a vital role in regulating gene expression during development through modifications in chromatin structure. Here we show that SET domain-containing 5 (Setd5) is divergently transcribed with Gt(ROSA26)Sor, is necessary for mammalian development, and interacts with the PAF1 co-transcriptional complex and other proteins. Setd5-deficient mouse embryos exhibit severe defects in neural tube formation, somitogenesis and cardiac development, have aberrant vasculogenesis in embryos, yolk sacs and placentas, and die between embryonic day 10.5 and 11.5. Setd5-deficient embryonic stem cells have impaired cellular proliferation, increased apoptosis, defective cell cycle progression, a diminished ability to differentiate into cardiomyocytes and greatly perturbed gene expression. SETD5 co-immunoprecipitates with multiple components of the PAF1 and histone deacetylase-containing NCoR complexes and is not solely required for major histone lysine methylation marks. In the absence of Setd5, histone acetylation is increased at transcription start sites and near downstream regions. These findings suggest that SETD5 functions in a manner similar to yeast Set3p and Drosophila UpSET, and that it is essential for regulating histone acetylation during gene transcription.

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Section: Setd5 In Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Setd5 is essential for mammalian development and the co-transcriptional regulation of histone acetylation

et al. 2016

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“…Recent reports indicate the essential roles of the PAF1 complex in growth and development: deletion of expression of the HPRT2 gene that encodes parafibromin, the human ortholog of CDC73, leads to embryonic lethality (Wang et al 2008), and zebrafish embryos deficient in RTF1 or CTR9 show abnormal development (Akanuma et al 2007). Further studies are needed to clarify the role of the PAF1 complex in Arabidopsis and other plants.…”

Section: Lethality Of Homozygous Mutants In the Vip6/elf8 Genementioning

confidence: 99%

Arabidopsis VIP6/ELF8, the homolog of CTR9 component of the transcriptional complex PAF1, is essential for plant development

Shiraya

Sato

Kato

et al. 2008

Plant Biotechnology

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Gene regulation in eukaryotes is affected by chromatin structure. Changes in chromatin structure are regulated by multiple ways of histone modifications, such as acetylation, methylation, and ubiquitination. It is believed that the trimethylated histone H3 at lysine 4 (H3K4), 36 (H3K36) and 79 (H3K79) are hallmarks of active chromatins (Shilatifard 2006). In yeast, trimethylation of H3K4 in the 5Ј region of the target gene is catalyzed by the SET1 histone methyltransferase, and the recruitment of SET1 protein requires the RNA polymerase II-associated factor 1 (PAF1) complex together with serine-5 phosphorylation of the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II (Hampsey and Reinberg 2003). The yeast PAF1 complex consists of five components, PAF1, LEO1, RTF1, CTR9 and CDC73 Krogan et al. 2003;Squazzo et al. 2002), and the PAF1 complex is required for efficient transcription elongation by RNA polymerase II (Marton and Desiderio 2008). Moreover, the PAF1 complex may regulate gene expression through a posttranscriptional mechanism, such as 3Ј-processing of premRNAs (Mueller et al. 2004;Penheiter et al. 2005;Sheldon et al. 2005). In human, hSki8 was identified as another component of the human PAF1 complex (Zhu et al. 2005). Human hSki8 subunit is the homolog of yeast SKI8/REC103 (Gardiner et al. 1997) that is a component of yeast superkiller (SKI) complex, which is required for 3Ј-to-5Ј degradation of cytoplasmic mRNAs (Masison et al. 1995;Anderson and Parker 1998). Human hSKI complex localizes to both nucleus and cytoplasm and interacts with human PAF1 complex, and associates with transcriptionally active genes depending on the presence of human PAF1 complex (Zhu et al. 2005). Thus, in addition to coordinating events during transcription, hPAF1 complex also coordinates events in RNA quality control.In Arabidopsis thaliana, growing evidences indicate that the major floral repressor FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC), a MADS-box transcription factor, is under the control of multiple chromatin modifiers. It show early flowering phenotype, as well as other pleiotropic developmental defects. Here, we provide evidence that seeds with vip6/elf8 homozygous mutations were rarely obtained in all three independent lines of T-DNA insertion. Although viable seeds with homozygous mutant alleles were rarely obtained, they showed pleiotropic phenotype like mutants of other PAF1-related genes, and were sterile. These results suggest that the VIP6/ELF8 gene is essential for plant development.Key words: CTR9, ELF8, embryonic lethality, PAF1 complex, VIP6.Plant Biotechnology 25, 447-455 (2008) (He et al. 2004;Oh et al. 2004;Xu et al. 2008). Consistent with this, trimethylation of H3K4 in FLC as well as in FLOWERING LOCUS M (FLM)/MAF1 chromatin was reduced in elf7 and elf8 mutants (He et al. 2004). Similarly, decreased levels of trimethyl-H3K4 in FLC and FLM/MAF1 chromatins were observed in vip4 mutants (Xu et al. 2008).Arabidopsis vip2/elf7, vip3, vip4, vip5 and vip6/elf8, show similar phenotypes of pleiotropic developmental defects that ar...

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“…For example, the murine Paf1 complex promotes stem cell pluripotency by binding to promoters to activate key regulatory genes, such as OCT4 (Ding et al 2009). Reduction of Rtf1 function causes disruptions in Notch signaling and developmental defects in flies and zebrafish, respectively (Tenney et al 2006;Akanuma et al 2007). Additionally, defects in the Paf1 complex are associated with human cancers, which may be in part due to misregulation of the Wnt signaling pathway and alterations in c-myc and cyclin D expression (Mosimann et al 2006;Chaudhary et al 2007;Lin et al 2008).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of a Role for Histone H2B Ubiquitylation in Noncoding RNA 3′-End Formation Through Mutational Analysis of Rtf1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

et al. 2011

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The conserved eukaryotic Paf1 complex regulates RNA synthesis by RNA polymerase II at multiple levels, including transcript elongation, transcript termination, and chromatin modifications. To better understand the contributions of the Paf1 complex to transcriptional regulation, we generated mutations that alter conserved residues within the Rtf1 subunit of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Paf1 complex. Importantly, single amino acid substitutions within a region of Rtf1 that is conserved from yeast to humans, which we termed the histone modification domain, resulted in the loss of histone H2B ubiquitylation and impaired histone H3 methylation. Phenotypic analysis of these mutations revealed additional defects in telomeric silencing, transcription elongation, and prevention of cryptic initiation. We also demonstrated that amino acid substitutions within the Rtf1 histone modification domain disrupt 39-end formation of snoRNA transcripts and identify a previously uncharacterized regulatory role for the histone H2B K123 ubiquitylation mark in this process. Cumulatively, our results reveal functionally important residues in Rtf1, better define the roles of Rtf1 in transcription and histone modification, and provide strong genetic support for the participation of histone modification marks in the termination of noncoding RNAs.

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Paf1 complex homologues are required for Notch‐regulated transcription during somite segmentation

Cited by 55 publications

References 24 publications

Setd5 is essential for mammalian development and the co-transcriptional regulation of histone acetylation

Setd5 is essential for mammalian development and the co-transcriptional regulation of histone acetylation

Arabidopsis VIP6/ELF8, the homolog of CTR9 component of the transcriptional complex PAF1, is essential for plant development

Identification of a Role for Histone H2B Ubiquitylation in Noncoding RNA 3′-End Formation Through Mutational Analysis of Rtf1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

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