Padrões de revelação e descoberta do abuso sexual de crianças e adolescentes

Abstract

O estudo sobre a revelação do abuso sexual de crianças e adolescentes relaciona-se à prevenção primária/secundária, subsidiando intervenções neste tipo de violência. Este artigo objetivou caracterizar os padrões de revelação/descoberta do abuso sexual, verificando a associação com fatores individuais das vítimas e dos agressores (idade, sexo) e fatores relacionais (familiaridade entre vítimas e agressores, e receptor da revelação). Foram analisados 232 prontuários de abuso sexual, registrados em três serviços especializados, sendo um localizado no estado brasileiro do Pará (PA) e dois no estado do Rio Grande do Sul (RS). Os padrões de revelação/descoberta foram significativamente associados à idade e sexo das vítimas, e ao local da amostra. A revelação intencional foi mais frequente entre vítimas do sexo feminino (33.5%) e a detecção acidental foi mais frequente entre meninos (44.7%). Na amostra do PA, predominou a detecção acidental (46.9%), enquanto entre as vítimas do RS houve a prevalência da revelação intencional (31.1%). Discute-se a importância de questões como gênero, etapa de desenvolvimento e influência dos fatores culturais e estruturais nas políticas públicas de prevenção do abuso sexual.

Biopsychosocial Characteristics of Accused Child Sex Offenders in the Intrafamilial and Extrafamilial Contexts

“…This distribution differs from what has been observed in prior studies conducted both around the world (Langevin & Curnoe, 2012) and in Brazil's mid-south region (Martins & Jorge, 2010;Pincolini & Hutz, 2014;Serafi m, Saffi , Achá, & Barros, 2011), for such studies revealed that most cases of sexual violence occurred within the intrafamilial context. On the other hand, the results presented in the present paper corroborate earlier studies conducted in Brazil's northern and northeastern regions (Baía et al, 2015;Maia & Barreto, 2012;Santos et al, 2015), which could suggest that such regions possess their own particular pattern of case distribution between the intra and extrafamilial contexts, with most cases purportedly occurring outside the family environment.…”

“…Although, in the present study, there was no statistically signifi cant difference between the intrafamilial and extrafamilial contexts with respect to the percentage of accused offenders, it is currently known that when the victim and the perpetrator of sexual violence are relatives that live together, the victims are much more reluctant to report the sexual assault and such disclosure is less common (Baía et al, 2015). Within the intrafamilial context, accusations of sexual violence have been based on accidental discovery or witnesses' testimonies, the latter being the most common form of disclosure in a sample that was examined in the Brazilian state of Pará, as was shown by Baía et al (2015).…”

“…The data collected in the present study can contribute to the development of preventive and policymaking strategies targeting the treatment of people involved in this kind of abuse, especially in northern Brazil, for, as suggested by this and other studies (Baía et al, 2015;Maia & Barreto, 2012), the northern region exhibits certain peculiarities with respect to the distribution of sexual abuse cases in the intra and extrafamilial contexts.…”

“…According to the study, the victims were principally women (67.3%), 33.6% of whom belonged to the 0-to-9-year age group, 23.9% of the 3,199 reported cases referred to sexual assaults, identifying the principal offender as a relative of the victim in 69.3% of the assaults and as a stranger in 30.7%. In contrast, a study by Baía, Veloso, Habigzang, Dell'Aglio and Magalhães (2015), comparing the patterns of detection and disclosure of sexual abuse in the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul to those of the state of Pará, revealed that, in the former, sexual assaults within the intrafamilial context were the most common (62.41%); while in the latter, sexual violence within the extrafamilial context predominated (67.7%).…”

Child and adolescent violence: oral story of women who attempted suicide

“…This is primarily because abusers are individuals in the family, such as stepfathers, grandparents and cousins, as in the case of this study, or even people from the neighborhood and house of relatives. Because these are the main offenders, considered reliable within the family, it is not uncommon to discredit child's prosecution (31) , a situation recalled by one of the interviewees.…”