Ozone Prevents Cochlear Damage From Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury in Guinea Pigs

Abstract

The cochlea is an end organ, which is metabolically dependent on a nutrient and oxygen supply to maintain its normal physiological function. Cochlear ischemia and reperfusion (IR) injury is considered one of the most important causes of human idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss. The aim of the present study was to study the efficacy of ozone therapy against cochlear damage caused by IR injury and to investigate the potential clinical use of this treatment for sudden deafness. Twenty-eight guinea pigs were randomized into four groups. The sham group (S) (n = 7) was administered physiological saline intraperitoneally (i.p.) for 7 days. The ozone group (O) (n = 7) was administered 1 mg/kg of ozone i.p. for 7 days. In the IR + O group (n = 7), 1 mg/kg of ozone was administered i.p. for 7 days before IR injury. On the eighth day, the IR + O group was subjected to cochlear ischemia for 15 min by occluding the bilateral vertebral artery and vein with a nontraumatic clamp and then reperfusion for 2 h. The IR group was subjected to cochlear IR injury. After the IR procedure, the guinea pigs were sacrificed on the same day. In a general histological evaluation, cochlear and spiral ganglionic tissues were examined with a light microscope, and apoptotic cells were counted by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining. The apoptotic index (AI) was then calculated. Blood samples were sent for analyses of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase, malondialdehyde (MDA), the total oxidant score (TOS), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). Data were evaluated statistically using the Kruskal-Wallis test. The AI was highest in the IR group. The AI of the IR + O group was lower than that of the IR group. The biochemical antioxidant parameters SOD and GSH-Px and the TAC values were highest in the O group and lowest in the IR group. The MDA level and TOS were highest in the IR group and lowest in the O group. Controlled ozone administration stimulated endogenous antioxidant defense systems, thereby helping the body to combat IR injury. Although this study revealed a statistically significant decrease in cochlear IR damage following ozone therapy, further studies will be necessary to explain the protective mechanisms of ozone therapy in cochlear IR injury.

Ozone alleviates ischemia/reperfusion injury by inhibiting mitochondrion‐mediated apoptosis pathway in SH‐SY5Y cells

“…Then, caspase‐3 activates the caspase‐activated DNAase, leading to DNA fragmentation. It was reported that ozone could reduce the apoptosis of rat retina (Kal et al, 2017) and pig cochlear tissues induced by I/R injury (Onal et al, 2017). Our study showed that ozone significantly inhibited SH‐SY5Y cells apoptosis compared with group I/R.…”

Ozone: a natural bioactive molecule with antioxidant property as potential new strategy in aging and in neurodegenerative disorders

“… Histological evaluation : increased numbers of glial cells in the spiral ganglion, reduced level of vascularization. ( Onal et al, 2017 ) Postconditioning : 60 ug/mL, rectal and/or intratympanic, 7 days, after cisplatin-induced ototoxicity (5-mg/kg/day). The rats were tested with distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE).…”

The atherogenic index (ATH index) as a potential predictive marker of idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss: a case control study

“…The cochlea is an end organ, which is metabolically dependent on a nutrient and oxygen supply to maintain its normal physiological function. It is very sensitive to alterations in blood circulation [14]. Cochlear ischaemia is considered to be one of the most important causes of idiopathic SSNHL [15].…”

“…Moreover, hearing loss associated with hyperlipidaemia tends to improve with diet control and antilipemic therapy [23, 24]. Data from animal studies have shown that diet-induced hyperlipidaemia causes structural and functional changes in the inner ear and that these changes are associated with hearing loss in a time-dependent manner [13, 14, 25]. However, the relationship between hyperlipidaemia and idiopathic SSNHL is not universally accepted.…”