Oyster mushroom (<i>Pleurotus</i> spp.) cultivation technique using re-usable substrate containers and comparison of mineral contents with common leafy vegetables

Abstract

Alternative re-usable substrate containers for fructification are required because plastic bags currently used suffocate soil biotic entities. They are a cost for mushroom farmers who purchase plastic bags in every oyster mushroom crop and they are left as non-biodegradable wastes, which are disposed of to the environment after every oyster mushroom cropping. On the other hand, oyster mushroom contains essential nutritional elements comparable to leafy vegetables. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of substrate types and substrate containers on yield, biological efficiency, size and solid content of oyster mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus; and to compare mineral content of mushrooms produced from different types of substrates to common leafy vegetables. Methodology and results: Substrate containers: clear plastic bags, re-usable substrate containers (RSC), coloured plastic bags, shelved clear plastic bags and substrates: banana leaves, rice straws and maize cobs were used to grow oyster mushrooms. The experiment was carried out in complete randomized block design (CRBD) in a factorial arrangement. The mineral content of oyster mushroom grown on rice straws, Leucaena leucocophala, sorghum grains, banana leaves and maize cobs substrates were compared in a CRBD to those of pumpkin leaves (Curcubita spp.), narrow-leaved African night shade (Solanum villosum), broad-leaved African night shade (Solanum scabrum), cowpea leaves (Vigna unguiculata), cabbage (Brassica spp.), sweet potato leaves (Ipomea batatas), amaranth (Amaranthus spp.) and cassava leaves (Manihot esculentus L.). Mushroom yields and BE in RSC were comparable to non-RSC. The highest yields (1,116.25 g/g) and BE (105.75%) were produced from rice straws substrate in coloured bags followed by RSC (yield 694.6 g/g, BE 65.6%). Mushroom solids content (19.4%) was highest from banana leaves substrates. The highest Fe, Zn, Se and Ca were obtained from amaranth, oyster mushrooms produced from rice straws, narrow-and broad-leaves African nightshade and pumpkin leaves respectively. Conclusion and application of results: The utilization of RSC to produce oyster mushrooms protects the environment from disposed plastic bags which are non-biodegradable and if burned may cause ill-health effect to the human. Additional research is needed to specify quality of material to be used in the manufacture of RSC and specifications to suit cultivation of oyster mushrooms. In addition, consumption of oyster mushrooms in combination with other vegetables complements availability of various essential dietary elements such as Fe, Zn, Se and Ca.

Determination of Yield and Quality of Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus florida) Using Different Substrates in Halabja, Kurdistan Reign-Iraq

“…The biological efficiency of the study agreed with those researches working on the wheat straw alone or in combination with other agricultural wastes ( Oseni et al, 2012;Khan et al, 2013;Ahmed et al, 2013;Aishah & Wan Rosil, 2013& Mamiro et al, 2014. , and later, B 76% wheat, A 88% wheat and C 64% wheat gave (23.83%, 23.72%, 22.89%) orderly recorded as the lowest rate of protein, and the lowest protein content (17.35%) was taken from treatment E 100% wheat.…”

“…There are several kinds of agricultural wastes which can be used for oyster mushroom production such as wheat straw, barley stalk, soybean flour, cow dung, sawdust, rice stake, paddy stalk, maize stalk and millet (Kong, 2004;Khan et al, 2008;Ahmed et al, 2013;Aishah & Wan Rosil, 2013;and Mamiro et al, 2014). Different kinds of agricultural wastes are ripe for oyster mushroom cultivation in Kurdistan rigin-Iraq, and some various of agricultural wastes are applied as substrate, but have not been to impact the quality of mushroom.…”

Effect of Wheat Straw along with Different Botanicals on Growth and Yield of Pleurotus florida (Oyster Mushroom)

“…According to Mamiro and Mamiro [18], the high-water holding capacity of banana leaves might be the explanation of the higher yield from banana leaves. Additionally, the primary ecological parameters of temperature, humidity, fresh air, and compact material have an impact on the mushroom's stalk height, stalk diameter, and cap size [16,[18][19][20][21].…”