Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, Gut Dysbiosis: What Can Polyphenols Do in Inflammatory Bowel Disease?

Abstract

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a long-term, progressive, and recurrent intestinal inflammatory disorder. The pathogenic mechanisms of IBD are multifaceted and associated with oxidative stress, unbalanced gut microbiota, and aberrant immune response. Indeed, oxidative stress can affect the progression and development of IBD by regulating the homeostasis of the gut microbiota and immune response. Therefore, redox-targeted therapy is a promising treatment option for IBD. Recent evidence has verified that Chinese herbal medicine (CHM)-derived polyphenols, natural antioxidants, are able to maintain redox equilibrium in the intestinal tract to prevent abnormal gut microbiota and radical inflammatory responses. Here, we provide a comprehensive perspective for implementing natural antioxidants as potential IBD candidate medications. In addition, we demonstrate novel technologies and stratagems for promoting the antioxidative properties of CHM-derived polyphenols, including novel delivery systems, chemical modifications, and combination strategies.

Carrageenan oligosaccharide alleviates intestinal damage via gut microflora through activating IMD/relish pathway in female Drosophila melanogaster

“…However, long-term persistent inflammatory reaction will lead to many chronic inflammatory diseases, which is the main cause of aging and cancer. 52 In this study, COS supplementation significantly improved the survival rate following SDS treatment in female flies, suggesting the protective function of COS against SDSinduced injury. The gut is the first line of defense against ingested pathogenic microorganisms and toxic compounds.…”

Black rice diet alleviates colorectal cancer development through modulating tryptophan metabolism and activating AHR pathway

“…Indole and indole-3-lactic acid are compounds that naturally exist in foods such as vegetables, fruits, grains, and meats and have certain anticancer effects [54,55]. Indole activates the Nrf2 signaling pathway to promote the self-repair ability of intestinal mucosal cells and reduce the damage of harmful substances to the intestines [56]. At the same time, indole can also inhibit the Wnt signaling pathway to suppress the growth of intestinal tumors [57].…”

Diosmin alleviates ulcerative colitis in mice by increasing Akkermansia muciniphila abundance, improving intestinal barrier function, and modulating the NF-κB and Nrf2 pathways

“…Oxidative stress and inflammation are important factors in the development of UC, as they cause intestinal tissue damage and microbiota dysbiosis [ 33 ]. Furthermore, they are thought to be important triggers in the development of UC to colon cancer [ 34 , 35 ].…”