2009
DOI: 10.2174/092986709789878265
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Abstract: Chronic and acute overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) under pathophysiologic conditions forms an integral part of the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and in particular atherosclerosis. These ROS are released from different sources, such as xanthine oxidase, lipoxygenase, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase, the uncoupling of nitric oxide synthase and, in particular, mitochondria. Endothelial dysfunction, characterized by a loss of nitric oxide (NO) bioactivity, occurs … Show more

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Cited by 137 publications
(92 citation statements)
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“…All participants in our study had diabetes and experienced significant decreases in HbA 1c after 12 weeks of carnitine-orotate complex treatment compared with no significant change in the placebo group. Evidence suggests that oxidative stress damages mitochondrial DNA, resulting in mitochondrial respiratory dysfunction, which aggravates the insulin signaling pathway (30)(31)(32). A recent clinical study showed that treatment with carnitine-orotate complex (Godex, Celltrion Pharm) reduced systemic oxidative stress and increased mitochondrial DNA copy number in patients with impaired glucose metabolism (33).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…All participants in our study had diabetes and experienced significant decreases in HbA 1c after 12 weeks of carnitine-orotate complex treatment compared with no significant change in the placebo group. Evidence suggests that oxidative stress damages mitochondrial DNA, resulting in mitochondrial respiratory dysfunction, which aggravates the insulin signaling pathway (30)(31)(32). A recent clinical study showed that treatment with carnitine-orotate complex (Godex, Celltrion Pharm) reduced systemic oxidative stress and increased mitochondrial DNA copy number in patients with impaired glucose metabolism (33).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Targeted delivery of antioxidants to mitochondria is a new exciting field of research that seeks to concentrate antioxidants on the inner membrane of mitochondria in order to protect against mitochondrial oxidative stress, and is finding therapeutic potential for atherosclerosis [258].…”
Section: Future Directionsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Indeed, the development of antioxidants that specifically target the matrix-facing inner surface of the mitochondrial membrane is hypothesised to protect against mitochondrial oxidative damage (Ross et al 2005). Because of the high negative membrane potential of the inner mitochondrial membrane, antioxidants conjugated with a lipophilic triphenylphosphonium (TPP) cation such as mitoquinone, mitovitamin E and mitophenyltertbutyline accumulate in the mitochondrial matrix at concentrations severalfold greater than cytosolic non-mitochondrially targeted antioxidants (Subramanian et al 2010;Victor et al 2009). In particular, MitoQ, which has a TPP modification added to coenzyme Q is 100 times more potent than idebenone, a coenzymes Q derivative.…”
Section: Mitochondrially-targeted Antioxidantsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In particular, MitoQ, which has a TPP modification added to coenzyme Q is 100 times more potent than idebenone, a coenzymes Q derivative. Furthermore, MitoVitE (vitamin E attached to a TPP cation) is 350 times more potent than Trolox, a water soluble version of vitamin E, in fibroblasts from patients (Victor et al 2009).…”
Section: Mitochondrially-targeted Antioxidantsmentioning
confidence: 99%