Oxidation and alpha-case formation in Ti–6Al–2Sn–4Zr–2Mo alloy

Gaddam, Raghuveer; Sefer, Birhan; Pederson, Robert; Antti, Marta‐Lena

doi:10.1016/j.matchar.2014.11.023

Cited by 95 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…These results were consistent with previously reported work on Ti-6242S [5] such that up to 200h at 932°F, n=2.96 while at 1292°F at extended exposure times (300-500h), n=1.28. Previous reports have suggested that cubic oxidation kinetics are influenced by oxygen dissolution and diffusion in the Ti alloy, while linear kinetics are due the cracking of the oxide scale and phase boundary reaction as the limiting step [1][2].…”

Section: °F Air Exposuresupporting

confidence: 93%

“…The activation energies for the other alloys were consistent for both temperature ranges. The calculated activation energies were consistent with published reports, for example, Ti-6242S activation energy was reported to be 157 kJ·mol -1 for the temperature range 932-1112°F [5], while 21S was reported to be 172kJ·mol -1 for the temperature range 1112-1472°F [3]. Lamellar Ti1100 after TGA exposure at 1382°F was reported to be 191kJ·mol 1 [8] which is slightly lower than the values obtained in the current work.…”

Section: °F Air Exposuresupporting

confidence: 91%

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Evaluation of Titanium Alloys After High Temperature Air Exposure

Calvert¹,

Kosaka²

2016

Proceedings of the 13th World Conference on Titanium

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Three different types of titanium alloy sheets developed for high temperature applications (TIMETAL ® 21S, TIMETAL ® 6242S, TIMETAL ® 1100, and TIMETAL ® Exhaust XT) were exposed to air at high temperatures (up to 1400°F) for up to 200 hours. The thermally exposed pieces were then evaluated with regard to the oxide layer, alpha case, and base metal. A field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) with electron dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) microanalysis capability was utilized to characterize the local compositional characteristics of the three regions. A coherent oxide layer (as on 21S after high temperature exposure) helps protect the base metal from further oxidation and oxygen ingress, while a spalling oxide (as on Ti-6242S after high temperature exposure) results in both a thick oxide and increased oxygen ingress into the base metal. The overall effect of alloying elements and microstructure on oxidation resistance behavior will be summarized in this paper.

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Section: °F Air Exposuresupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: °F Air Exposuresupporting

confidence: 91%

Evaluation of Titanium Alloys After High Temperature Air Exposure

Calvert¹,

Kosaka²

2016

Proceedings of the 13th World Conference on Titanium

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“…Zr can strengthen α phase, thus improve creep resistance of titanium alloy. A small amount of Zr can improve the characteristics of the oxide scale formed in the initial oxidation stage and refine the oxide particles due to promoting grain nucleation of oxide, which can inhibit the diffusion of oxygen and improve high temperature oxidation of titanium alloys and titanium aluminides [22] .…”

Section: ) Zrmentioning

confidence: 99%

High temperature oxidation behavior and research status of modifications on improving high temperature oxidation resistance of titanium alloys and titanium aluminides: A review

Dai

Zhu

Chen

et al. 2016

Journal of Alloys and Compounds

408

124

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“…The phase existing in the outermost oxide layer, which is also the most abundant oxygen layer, is usually TiO 2 . When the temperature is higher than 883°C, the cp Ti will change its phases from α to β, leading to numerous oxygen atoms entering the grains. Once the temperature is cooled, the β phase of Ti will return to α phase, and an outer layer named “α‐case layer” will be generated .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of different firing atmospheres on debonding strength of dental porcelain fused to commercially pure titanium

Wang

Lai

et al. 2019

The Kaohsiung J of Med Scie

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An in vitro investigation was performed to evaluate the bonding characteristics of porcelain fused to metal (PFM)/commercially pure titanium (cp Ti, grade II) in three firing atmospheres of under vacuum and using two noble gases argon (Ar) and helium (He). Three groups of porcelain veneers firing under vacuum, Ar, and He were prepared to evaluate the bonding of porcelain fused to the cold‐rolled cp Ti. The bond strength of PFM durability by a three‐point bending test, phases, microhardness of cp Ti after firing processes, and fractures were measured and evaluated. Results show the microhardness of cp Ti in group of porcelain firing under He atmosphere was significantly lower than that of the two other groups, which were in vacuum and Ar (P < .05). X‐ray diffraction showed the He group produced in relatively small amounts of TiO2 and TiO oxides than other groups but featured relatively high quantity of airhole defects in the porcelain body leading to the lowest bond strength. The Ar group presented the highest bond strength of comparing with the groups under vacuum and using He (P < .05). Although the firing processes in He could efficiently prevent the diffusion of oxygen into Ti, the porcelain‐cp Ti bond strength using Ar protective atmosphere presented the advantage to achieve clinical requirement because porcelain firing under He revealed prominent voids and defects within the body of porcelain.

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Oxidation and alpha-case formation in Ti–6Al–2Sn–4Zr–2Mo alloy

Cited by 95 publications

References 29 publications

Evaluation of Titanium Alloys After High Temperature Air Exposure

Evaluation of Titanium Alloys After High Temperature Air Exposure

High temperature oxidation behavior and research status of modifications on improving high temperature oxidation resistance of titanium alloys and titanium aluminides: A review

Effect of different firing atmospheres on debonding strength of dental porcelain fused to commercially pure titanium

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