“Overview of the Main Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines: Mechanism of Action, Efficacy and Safety” [Response To Letter]

Mascellino, Maria Teresa; Timoteo, Federica Di; Angelis, Massimiliano De; Oliva, Alessandra

doi:10.2147/idr.s344230

Cited by 10 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 4 publications

(7 reference statements)

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“…Although governments and organizations all over the globe have taken many precautions to prevent the pandemic's spread, the only way to stop the threat is to find a vaccine [ 8 ]. Pfizer-BioNTech, Moderna, Sinopharm, Sinovac, Sputnik V, Janssen (Johnson & Johnson's), and AstraZeneca were among the companies that have produced COVID-19 vaccines to combat the pandemic [ 9 , 10 ]. These vaccines are efficient in preventing COVID-19 infection at varying levels of efficiency; however, each type of vaccination has its unique structure, pros, and cons in efficacy, immunogenicity, and safety [ 11 - 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine (BNT162b2) Side Effects: A Systematic Review

Dighriri¹,

Alhusayni²,

Mobarki³

et al. 2022

Cureus

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Vaccinations prevented severe clinical complications of COVID-19. It was considered a vital component of living endemically with COVID-19. The Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine is the first mRNA-based vaccination that enhances immunity. Resulting in various adverse effects that may emerge after vaccination. This systematic review was undertaken to assess the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine side effects by reviewing the previous studies. A total of 107 PubMed and Google Scholar publications were screened for Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine side effects. Fourteen articles met the study inclusion criteria. The included searching terms were a combination of “Pfizer vaccine and Side effects,” “BioNTech vaccine and side effects,” and “BNT162b2 vaccine and side effects,” as well as all synonyms. The total number of participants in the 14 studies was 10,632 participants. Average of the most frequent side effects of 14 studies were injection site pain 77.34%, fatigue 43%, muscle pain 39.67%, local swelling 33.57%, headache 33.27%, joint pain 25.75%, chills 18.34%, fever 18%, itching 9.38%, lymph nodes swelling 7.86%, nausea 7.58%, dyspnea 7.86%,and diarrhea 6.36%. The average side effects after the first dose were 79% compared with 84% after the second dose. The average occurs side effects in females at 69.8% compared with males 30.2%. Our study reveals that side effects after the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine are common, but they are usually mild and self-limited. Local reactions like pain at the injection site are the most common. Anaphylactic shock or severe reactions are rare. We hope that our results will reassure the public that the benefits of vaccination far exceed the dangers. Also, help reduce vaccine hesitancy among individuals worried about vaccine safety and possible adverse effects.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine (BNT162b2) Side Effects: A Systematic Review

Dighriri¹,

Alhusayni²,

Mobarki³

et al. 2022

Cureus

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“…Several strategies, such as vaccines, have been developed to eradicate this pandemic, and there are numerous validated vaccine products comprising different mechanisms, including messenger RNA (mRNA) with nanoparticles, viral vectors, and protein subunits, to generate an adequate immune response (45). However, these vaccines have an average development time of 1-2 years (46) and may not meet the emergence of novel variants of SARS-CoV-2.…”

Section: Inflammatory Cytokines Monocyte Distribution Width and High-...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mesenchymal stem cell therapy on top of triple therapy with remdesivir, dexamethasone, and tocilizumab improves PaO2/FiO2 in severe COVID-19 pneumonia

Chen

Chang²,

Lin³

et al. 2022

Front. Med.

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BackgroundDespite patients with severe coronavirus disease (COVID-19) receiving standard triple therapy, including steroids, antiviral agents, and anticytokine therapy, health condition of certain patients continue to deteriorate. In Taiwan, the COVID-19 mortality has been high since the emergence of previous variants of this disease (such as alpha, beta, or delta). We aimed to evaluate whether adjunctive infusion of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) (hUC-MSCs) on top of dexamethasone, remdesivir, and tocilizumab improves pulmonary oxygenation and suppresses inflammatory cytokines in patients with severe COVID-19.MethodsHospitalized patients with severe or critical COVID-19 pneumonia under standard triple therapy were separated into adjuvant hUC-MSC and non-hUC-MSC groups to compare the changes in the arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2)/fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) ratio and biological variables.ResultsFour out of eight patients with severe or critical COVID-19 received either one (n = 2) or two (n = 2) doses of intravenous infusions of hUC-MSCs using a uniform cell dose of 1.0 × 108. Both high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) level and monocyte distribution width (MDW) were significantly reduced, with a reduction in the levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-13, IL-12p70 and vascular endothelial growth factor following hUC-MSC transplantation. The PaO2/FiO2 ratio increased from 83.68 (64.34–126.75) to 227.50 (185.25–237.50) and then 349.56 (293.03–367.92) within 7 days after hUC-MSC infusion (P < 0.001), while the change of PaO2/FiO2 ratio was insignificant in non-hUC-MSC patients (admission day: 165.00 [102.50–237.61]; day 3: 100.00 [72.00–232.68]; day 7: 250.00 [71.00–251.43], P = 0.923).ConclusionTransplantation of hUC-MSCs as adjunctive therapy improves pulmonary oxygenation in patients with severe or critical COVID-19. The beneficial effects of hUC-MSCs were presumably mediated by the mitigation of inflammatory cytokines, characterized by the reduction in both hs-CRP and MDW.

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“…Nanomaterials have leveraged technological advances due to their enhanced performance and tunable properties compared to their bulkier counterparts. Various revolutionary developments have been made in the medical field since “nanotechnology” was presented [ 1 – 3 ]. NPs can be classified into carbon, inorganic, organic (excluding inorganic-based or carbon-based NMs), composite, and bio-based particles on a nanometric scale, and they can be produced in different morphologies with different methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Throughout the tremendous progress obtained in nanotechnology during the last decades, as a result of an extensive range of applications in medical fields, NPs have attracted a large amount of interest. Medical applications of NPs include molecular imaging and cell therapy, tissue engineering, targeted drug delivery, cancer treatment, wound healing, gene transfer, anti-bacterial applications, and most recently, as a treatment for COVID-19 [ 3 – 7 ]. Currently, hundreds of thousands of tons of nanomaterials are fabricated worldwide.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural parameters of nanoparticles affecting their toxicity for biomedical applications: a review

et al. 2023

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Rapidly growing interest in using nanoparticles (NPs) for biomedical applications has increased concerns about their safety and toxicity. In comparison with bulk materials, NPs are more chemically active and toxic due to the greater surface area and small size. Understanding the NPs’ mechanism of toxicity, together with the factors influencing their behavior in biological environments, can help researchers to design NPs with reduced side effects and improved performance. After overviewing the classification and properties of NPs, this review article discusses their biomedical applications in molecular imaging and cell therapy, gene transfer, tissue engineering, targeted drug delivery, Anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, cancer treatment, wound healing, and anti-bacterial applications. There are different mechanisms of toxicity of NPs, and their toxicity and behaviors depend on various factors, which are elaborated on in this article. More specifically, the mechanism of toxicity and their interactions with living components are discussed by considering the impact of different physiochemical parameters such as size, shape, structure, agglomeration state, surface charge, wettability, dose, and substance type. The toxicity of polymeric, silica-based, carbon-based, and metallic-based NPs (including plasmonic alloy NPs) have been considered separately.

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“Overview of the Main Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines: Mechanism of Action, Efficacy and Safety” [Response To Letter]

Cited by 10 publications

References 4 publications

Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine (BNT162b2) Side Effects: A Systematic Review

Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine (BNT162b2) Side Effects: A Systematic Review

Mesenchymal stem cell therapy on top of triple therapy with remdesivir, dexamethasone, and tocilizumab improves PaO2/FiO2 in severe COVID-19 pneumonia

Structural parameters of nanoparticles affecting their toxicity for biomedical applications: a review

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