Overview of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) and the Role of Sugary Food Consumption and Other Dietary Components in Its Development

Lujan, Pau Vancells; Esmel, Esther Viñas; Meseguer, Emilio Sacanella

doi:10.3390/nu13051442

Cited by 110 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 166 publications

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“…Finally, excess dietary fat and carbohydrate intake also take part in the NAFLD pathophysiology [54,55]. Many studies confirmed that a long-term high-fat diet promotes the development of NAFLD [56][57][58].…”

Section: Ffa Accumulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Interplay between Insulin Resistance, Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, Base Excision Repair and Metabolic Syndrome in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Ziółkowska

Binienda

Jabłkowski

et al. 2021

IJMS

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One of the most common chronic liver disorders, affecting mainly people in Western countries, is nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Unfortunately, its pathophysiological mechanism is not fully understood, and no dedicated treatment is available. Simple steatosis can lead to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and even to fibrosis, cancer, and cirrhosis of the liver. NAFLD very often occurs in parallel with type 2 diabetes mellitus and in obese people. Furthermore, it is much more likely to develop in patients with metabolic syndrome (MS), whose criteria include abdominal obesity, elevated blood triacylglycerol level, reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level, increased blood pressure, and high fasting glucose. An important phenomenon in MS is also insulin resistance (IR), which is very common in NAFLD. Liver IR and NAFLD development are linked through an interaction between the accumulation of free fatty acids, hepatic inflammation, and increased oxidative stress. The liver is particularly exposed to elevated levels of reactive oxygen species due to a large number of mitochondria in hepatocytes. In these organelles, the main DNA repair pathway is base excision repair (BER). The present article will illustrate how impairment of BER may be related to the development of NAFLD.

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Section: Ffa Accumulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Interplay between Insulin Resistance, Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, Base Excision Repair and Metabolic Syndrome in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Ziółkowska

Binienda

Jabłkowski

et al. 2021

IJMS

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show abstract

“…Available studies have demonstrated that calorie-restricted diet, dietary composition, and the frequency of food intake could have an impact on the intrahepatic triglyceride content. 12 13 In addition, low glycemic food enriched with fruits and vegetables based on a calorie-restricted diet would improve MAFLD-related parameters. [14] Among these, a Mediterranean dietary pattern with restricted cholesterol/saturated fatty acid was recommended for MAFLD patients by major guidelines.…”

Section: Weight Loss: Fundamental Treatment Of Mafldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Therapeutic developments in metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease

Shi

Fan

2022

Chinese Medical Journal

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Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) has become one of the most prevalent chronic liver diseases worldwide, bringing risk of multiorgan disfunctions including cardiovascular events, complications of cirrhosis, and even malignance. In terms of health burden management, screening patients with high risk of MAFLD and providing individual comprehensive treatment is critical. Although there are numerous agents entering clinical trials for MAFLD treatment every year, there is still no effective approved drug. The nomenclature of MAFLD highlighted the concomitant metabolic disorders and obesity. MAFLD patients with type 2 diabetes had higher risk of developing liver cirrhosis and cancer, and would benefit from anti-hyperglycemic agents; overweight and obese patients may benefit more from weight loss therapies; for patients with metabolic syndrome, individual comprehensive management is needed to reduce the risk of adverse outcomes. In this review, we introduced the current status and advances of the treatment of MAFLD based on weight loss, improving insulin resistance, and management of cardiometabolic disorders, in order to provide individualized therapy approaches for patients with MAFLD.

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“…For instance, weight reduction of up to 5–10% caused 58%-90% of NASH and 45% of fibrosis resolution [ 42 , 43 ]. Dietary habits are one of the common etiological factors associated with the development and severity of NAFLD [ 44 ]. A recent meta-analysis reported that individuals who consume a high amount of red meat and soft drinks might be more likely to develop NAFLD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Molecular Insight into the Role of Antioxidants in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Diseases

Ezhilarasan

Thangavelu

2022

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

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Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) defines fat accumulation in the liver, and it is commonly associated with metabolic syndromes like diabetes and obesity. Progressive NAFLD leads to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and ultimately causes cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, and NASH is currently a frequent cause of liver transplantation. Oxidative stress is often contributed to the progression of NAFLD, and hence, antioxidants such as silymarin, silybin, or silibinin, pentoxifylline, resveratrol, and vitamins A, C, and E are used in clinical trials against NAFLD. Silymarin induces the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα), a fatty acid sensor, which promotes the transcription of genes that are required for the enzymes involved in lipid oxidation in hepatocytes. Silybin inhibits sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 and carbohydrate response element-binding protein to downregulate the expression of genes responsible for de novo lipogenesis by activating AMP-activated protein kinase phosphorylation. Pentoxifylline inhibits TNF-α expression and endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated inflammatory nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activation. Thus, it prevents NAFLD to NASH progression. Resveratrol inhibits methylation at Nrf-2 promoters and NF-κB activity via SIRT1 activation in NAFLD conditions. However, clinically, resveratrol has not shown promising beneficial effects. Vitamin C is beneficial in NAFLD patients. Vitamin E is not effectively regressing hepatic fibrosis. Hence, its combination with antifibrotic agents is used as an adjuvant to produce a synergistic antifibrotic effect. However, to date, none of these antioxidants have been used as a definite therapeutic agent in NAFLD patients. Further, these antioxidants should be studied in NAFLD patients with larger populations and multiple endpoints in the future.

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Overview of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) and the Role of Sugary Food Consumption and Other Dietary Components in Its Development

Cited by 110 publications

References 166 publications

The Interplay between Insulin Resistance, Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, Base Excision Repair and Metabolic Syndrome in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

The Interplay between Insulin Resistance, Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, Base Excision Repair and Metabolic Syndrome in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Therapeutic developments in metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease

A Molecular Insight into the Role of Antioxidants in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Diseases

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