Overview of Ice Nucleating Particles

Kanji, Zamin A.; Ladino, Luis A.; Wex, Heike; Boose, Yvonne; Burkert-Kohn, Monika; Cziczo, D. J.; Krämer, Martina

doi:10.1175/amsmonographs-d-16-0006.1

Cited by 687 publications

(991 citation statements)

References 278 publications

(353 reference statements)

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“…At water-saturated conditions, this is the first study to clearly show that during a SDE at the JFJ an increase in INPs is observed at 242 K. This agrees with the findings of an increase in INP concentrations observed during minor influence of Saharan dust (Boose et al, 2016b). We note that at 265 K an increase in immersion INPs at the JFJ was not observed during SDEs , indicating that dust contributes to ice nucleation at colder temperatures as has been previously suggested in numerous studies (see references in Hoose and Möhler, 2012;Murray et al, 2012;Kanji et al, 2017).…”

Section: Case 6 February 2015: Sdesupporting

confidence: 92%

The Horizontal Ice Nucleation Chamber (HINC): INP measurements at conditions relevant for mixed-phase clouds at the High Altitude Research Station Jungfraujoch

Lacher¹,

Lohmann²,

Boose

et al. 2017

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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112

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Abstract. In this work we describe the Horizontal Ice Nucleation Chamber (HINC) as a new instrument to measure ambient ice-nucleating particle (INP) concentrations for conditions relevant to mixed-phase clouds. Laboratory verification and validation experiments confirm the accuracy of the thermodynamic conditions of temperature (T ) and relative humidity (RH) in HINC with uncertainties in T of ± 0.4 K and in RH with respect to water (RH w ) of ±1.5 %, which translates into an uncertainty in RH with respect to ice (RH i ) of ±3.0 % at T > 235 K. For further validation of HINC as a field instrument, two measurement campaigns were conducted in winters 2015 and 2016 at the High Altitude Research Station Jungfraujoch (JFJ; Switzerland, 3580 m a.s.l.) to sample ambient INPs. During winters 2015 and 2016 the site encountered free-tropospheric conditions 92 and 79 % of the time, respectively. We measured INP concentrations at 242 K at water-subsaturated conditions (RH w = 94 %), relevant for the formation of ice clouds, and in the watersupersaturated regime (RH w = 104 %) to represent ice formation occurring under mixed-phase cloud conditions. In winters 2015 and 2016 the median INP concentrations at RH w = 94 % was below the minimum detectable concentration. At RH w = 104 %, INP concentrations were an order of magnitude higher, with median concentrations in winter 2015 of 2.8 per standard liter (std L −1 ; normalized to standard T of 273 K and pressure, p, of 1013 hPa) and 4.7 std L −1 in winter 2016. The measurements are in agreement with previous winter measurements obtained with the Portable Ice Nucleation Chamber (PINC) of 2.2 std L −1 at the same location. During winter 2015, two events caused the INP concentrations at RH w = 104 % to significantly increase above the campaign average. First, an increase to 72.1 std L −1 was measured during an event influenced by marine air, arriving at the JFJ from the North Sea and the Norwegian Sea. The contribution from anthropogenic or other sources can thereby not be ruled out. Second, INP concentrations up to 146.2 std L −1 were observed during a Saharan dust event. To our knowledge this is the first time that a clear enrichment in ambient INP concentration in remote regions of the atmosphere is observed during a time of marine air mass influence, suggesting the importance of marine particles on ice nucleation in the free troposphere.

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Section: Case 6 February 2015: Sdesupporting

confidence: 92%

The Horizontal Ice Nucleation Chamber (HINC): INP measurements at conditions relevant for mixed-phase clouds at the High Altitude Research Station Jungfraujoch

Lacher¹,

Lohmann²,

Boose

et al. 2017

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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112

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“…ciently understood (see, e.g., Vali et al, 2015;Kanji et al, 2017) and demand further investigation to accurately parameterize atmospheric ice formation in climate models Phillips et al, 2013). Laboratory measurements on well-characterized aerosol particles and ambient observations improve our understanding of atmospheric ice nucleation processes and INP abundance in the atmosphere.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further, Marcolli (2014) suggested that deposition nucleation might in fact be immersion freezing (or homogeneous freezing for T < 235 K) of water trapped in pores and cavities at water-subsaturated conditions. Which ice nucleation pathways exist and under what conditions they are relevant in the atmosphere is not fully understood, but has been speculated about and discussed (e.g., Kanji et al, 2017). It has been suggested that immersion mode is the dominant heterogeneous freezing pathway under mixed-phase cloud conditions (e.g., Ansmann et al, 2008;de Boer et al, 2011;Westbrook and Illingworth, 2011).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The samples were two untreated mineral dusts (microcline and kaolinite), nitric-or sulfuric-acid-treated microcline particles, and birch pollen washing water of samples from the Czech Republic and Sweden. During long-range transport of aerosol particles in the atmosphere, internal mixing with organics and inorganic constituents can cause a temporary or permanent change in the physicochemical properties of the particles and can decrease their ice nucleation activity as discussed in Kanji et al (2017). Acid treatment of microcline particles was chosen in the present study to investigate a permanent change after treatment and removal of the acid coating.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Leipzig Ice Nucleation chamber Comparison (LINC): intercomparison of four online ice nucleation counters

et al. 2017

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Abstract. Ice crystal formation in atmospheric clouds has a strong effect on precipitation, cloud lifetime, cloud radiative properties, and thus the global energy budget. Primary ice formation above 235 K is initiated by nucleation on seed aerosol particles called ice-nucleating particles (INPs). Instruments that measure the ice-nucleating potential of aerosol particles in the atmosphere need to be able to accurately quantify ambient INP concentrations. In the last decade several instruments have been developed to investigate the icenucleating properties of aerosol particles and to measure ambient INP concentrations. Therefore, there is a need for intercomparisons to ensure instrument differences are not interpreted as scientific findings.In this study, we intercompare the results from parallel measurements using four online ice nucleation chambers. Seven different aerosol types are tested including untreated and acid-treated mineral dusts (microcline, which is a K-feldspar, and kaolinite), as well as birch pollen washing waters. Experiments exploring heterogeneous ice nucleation above and below water saturation are performed to cover the whole range of atmospherically relevant thermodynamic conditions that can be investigated with the intercompared chambers. The Leipzig Aerosol Cloud Interaction Simulator (LACIS) and the Portable Immersion Mode Cooling chAmber coupled to the Portable Ice Nucleation Chamber (PIMCA-PINC) performed measurements in the immersion freezing mode. Additionally, two continuous-flow diffusion chambers (CFDCs) PINC and the Spectrometer for Ice Nuclei (SPIN) are used to perform measurements below and just above water saturation, nominally presenting deposition nucleation and condensation freezing.The results of LACIS and PIMCA-PINC agree well over the whole range of measured frozen fractions (FFs) and temperature. In general PINC and SPIN compare well and the observed differences are explained by the ice crystal growth and different residence times in the chamber. To study the mechanisms responsible for the ice nucleation in the four instruments, the FF (from LACIS and PIMCA-PINC) and the activated fraction, AF (from PINC and SPIN), are compared. Measured FFs are on the order of a factor of 3 higher than AFs, but are not consistent for all aerosol types and temperatures investigated. It is shown that measurements from CFDCs cannot be assumed to produce the same results as those instruments exclusively measuring immersion freezing. Instead, the need to apply a scaling factor to CFDCs operating above water saturation has to be considered to allow comparison with immersion freezing devices. Our results provide further awareness of factors such as the importance of dispersion methods and the quality of particle size selection for intercomparing online INP counters.

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“…Combustion aerosols associated with BC might act as ice nucleating 30 particles (INPs) (Kanji et al, 2017) at the extreme cold temperatures found at high-altitude Arctic polar night, potentially leading to smaller, more numerous ice particles that precipitate less (Lohmann and Feichter, 2005), although some models Atmos. Chem.…”

Section: Discussion -Potential Aerosol Microphysical Mechanisms 20mentioning

confidence: 99%

A satellite-based estimate of aerosol-cloud microphysical effects over the Arctic Ocean

Zamora

Kahn

Huebert

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Abstract. Climate predictions for the rapidly changing Arctic are highly uncertain, largely due to a poor understanding of the processes driving cloud properties. In particular, cloud fraction (CF) and cloud phase (CP) have major impacts on energy 10 budgets, but are poorly represented in most models, often because of uncertainties in aerosol-cloud interactions. Here we use over 10 million satellite observations coupled with aerosol transport model simulations to quantify regional-scale microphysical effects of aerosols on CF and CP over the Arctic Ocean during polar night, when direct and semi-direct aerosol effects are minimal. Combustion aerosols over sea ice are associated with very large (~25 W m -2 ) differences in longwave cloud radiative effects at the sea ice surface. However, co-varying meteorological changes on factors such as CF 15 likely explain much of this signal -for example, explaining up to 91% of the CF differences between the full dataset and the clean-condition subset. After normalizing for meteorological regime, aerosol microphysical effects have small but significant regional-scale impacts on CF, CP, and precipitation frequency. These effects indicate that dominant aerosol-cloud microphysical mechanisms are related to the relative fraction of liquid-containing clouds, with implications for a warming Arctic. 20

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Overview of Ice Nucleating Particles

Cited by 687 publications

References 278 publications

The Horizontal Ice Nucleation Chamber (HINC): INP measurements at conditions relevant for mixed-phase clouds at the High Altitude Research Station Jungfraujoch

The Horizontal Ice Nucleation Chamber (HINC): INP measurements at conditions relevant for mixed-phase clouds at the High Altitude Research Station Jungfraujoch

Leipzig Ice Nucleation chamber Comparison (LINC): intercomparison of four online ice nucleation counters

A satellite-based estimate of aerosol-cloud microphysical effects over the Arctic Ocean

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