Overview of emerging hybrid and composite materials for space applications

Ince, J. C.; Mudasir, P.; Mathews, Lalson Daniel; Pai, Avinash R.; Al-Qatatsheh, Ahmed; Abbasi, Sara; Yin, Yuan‐Qi; Hameed, Nishar; Duffy, Alan R.; Lau, Alexis Kai-Hon; Salim, Nisa V.

doi:10.1007/s42114-023-00678-5

Cited by 33 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 194 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Recently, novel functional polymer-based composites have been developed to withstand the extreme conditions of space while performing critical functions to ensure the safety and success of space missions [ 64 , 65 ]. These composites serve specific functions that are crucial for spacecraft, satellites, and space exploration.…”

Section: Thermal Stability Of Carbon-filled Polymer Composites For Sp...mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Review on the Thermal Stability Assessment of Polymers and Composites for Aeronautics and Space Applications

Barra,

Guadagno,

Raimondo

et al. 2023

Polymers

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This review article provides an exhaustive survey on experimental investigations regarding the thermal stability assessment of polymers and polymer-based composites intended for applications in the aeronautical and space fields. This review aims to: (1) come up with a systematic and critical overview of the state-of-the-art knowledge and research on the thermal stability of various polymers and composites, such as polyimides, epoxy composites, and carbon-filled composites; (2) identify the key factors, mechanisms, methods, and challenges that affect the thermal stability of polymers and composites, such as the temperature, radiation, oxygen, and degradation; (3) highlight the current and potential applications, benefits, limitations, and opportunities of polymers and composites with high thermal stability, such as thermal control, structural reinforcement, protection, and energy conversion; (4) give a glimpse of future research directions by providing indications for improving the thermal stability of polymers and composites, such as novel materials, hybrid composites, smart materials, and advanced processing methods. In this context, thermal analysis plays a crucial role in the development of polyimide-based materials for the radiation shielding of space solar cells or spacecraft components. The main strategies that have been explored to improve the processability, optical transparency, and radiation resistance of polyimide-based materials without compromising their thermal stability are highlighted. The combination of different types of polyimides, such as linear and hyperbranched, as well as the incorporation of bulky pendant groups, are reported as routes for improving the mechanical behavior and optical transparency while retaining the thermal stability and radiation shielding properties. Furthermore, the thermal stability of polymer/carbon nanocomposites is discussed with particular reference to the role of the filler in radiation monitoring systems and electromagnetic interference shielding in the space environment. Finally, the thermal stability of epoxy-based composites and how it is influenced by the type and content of epoxy resin, curing agent, degree of cross-linking, and the addition of fillers or modifiers are critically reviewed. Some studies have reported that incorporating mesoporous silica micro-filler or microencapsulated phase change materials (MPCM) into epoxy resin can enhance its thermal stability and mechanical properties. The mesoporous silica composite exhibited the highest glass transition temperature and activation energy for thermal degradation among all the epoxy-silica nano/micro-composites. Indeed, an average activation energy value of 148.86 kJ/mol was recorded for the thermal degradation of unfilled epoxy resin. The maximum activation energy range was instead recorded for composites loaded with mesoporous microsilica. The EMC-5p50 sample showed the highest mean value of 217.6 kJ/mol. This remarkable enhancement was ascribed to the polymer invading the silica pores and forging formidable interfacial bonds.

show abstract

Section: Thermal Stability Of Carbon-filled Polymer Composites For Sp...mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Review on the Thermal Stability Assessment of Polymers and Composites for Aeronautics and Space Applications

Barra,

Guadagno,

Raimondo

et al. 2023

Polymers

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Stretchable and soft electronic devices gain considerable attention in the field of energy storage devices, wearable electronics, artificial intelligence, soft robotics, health care, and so forth. Skin-like, stretchable materials are the sub-field of flexible electronic devices, which can convert various external stimuli like temperature, mechanics, and humidity into measurable electrical signals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple-Language-Responsive Conductive Hydrogel Composites for Flexible Strain and Epidermis Sensors

Khan,

Shah,

Rahman

et al. 2024

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Conductive hydrogels are considered highly promising materials for developing skin-like sensors due to their excellent biocompatibility and mechanical flexibility. However, their limited stretchability, low toughness, and low fatigue resistance hinder their sensing capabilities and durability. To overcome these limitations, we developed a conductive hydrogel composite with high mechanical performance and the ability to respond to and identify different languages. The hydrogels are prepared by incorporating functionalized multiwalled carbon tubes (F-CNTs) into hydrophobically associated polyacrylamide (AM) and lauryl methacrylate (Lmc) hydrogels. To ensure the uniform dispersion of F-CNTs in the hydrogel network, the cationic surfactant cetyldimethylethylammonium bromide (CDAB) is used; the carboxylic group on F-CNTs cross-links the micelles and polymer chains through electrostatic interactions. The surfactant also facilitates the formation of hydrophobic interactions between the hydrogel matrix and the F-CNT surface. This greatly improves the mechanical properties of the hydrogel, resulting in excellent stretchability of 2016%, a toughness of 551.56 kJ m −3 , and an antifatigue property. The hydrogel also exhibits high tensile strain sensitivity with a gauge factor of 4.69 at 600% strain. The hybrid hydrogel-based sensors demonstrate excellent sensing capabilities, not only detecting full-range human activities but also differentiating different languages (English, Urdu, and Pushto) in both speaking and writing. Besides strain sensing, the hybrid hydrogel has the capability to mimic human skin for a touchable screen like a metal. These results highlight the potential of the F-CNT-based hybrid hydrogel as a wearable strain sensor for flexible devices.

show abstract

“…Attaching dissimilar components, which rely on composite parts and reinforced joints for rehabilitation, is a significant challenge in the retrofitting industry. − Traditionally, damaged elements are repaired through conventional methods, such as direct welding or bolting extra plates, which directly add to the weight of the structures. Besides the added weight, the added material is also prone to damage, whether inflicted on the installation or during its service life.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Nanotubes Strengthen the Interaction of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymers with Steel for Improved Mechanical Properties

Tashan,

Yarahmadi,

Hosseini

et al. 2024

ACS Appl. Nano Mater.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites are often bonded to strengthen damaged steel structures by using epoxy adhesives. However, the inferior mechanical properties of epoxy adhesives compared to those of steel and CFRP prevent the use of the full potential of the steel/CFRP material systems. Herein, we introduce carbon nanotubes (CNT) into the epoxy matrix and evaluate their performance using theoretical and experimental methods, in which the adhesive is analyzed at multiple length scales to determine the changes in its thermomechanical behavior. The results show that the epoxy molecules are unable to form adequate bonds with steel and CFRP laminates because they lack sufficient nucleophile and electrophile species and an interconnected structure to endure elevated temperatures. Ab initio calculations demonstrate that while epoxy molecules do not effectively interact with laminates, especially CFRP, π electrons in the CNT structure help form strong bonds with both CFRP and steel surfaces. These electronic absorptions lead to interactions between the steel/CFRP laminates and modified adhesives, leading to significant improvements in slip resistance, adhesive cohesion, and thermal stability. The experimental results show a ∼100% increase in the bond strength at moderately elevated temperatures, as well as increased stress distribution throughout the joint, higher fracture energy, and improved interlayer bonding at moderately elevated temperatures.

show abstract

Overview of emerging hybrid and composite materials for space applications

Cited by 33 publications

References 194 publications

A Comprehensive Review on the Thermal Stability Assessment of Polymers and Composites for Aeronautics and Space Applications

A Comprehensive Review on the Thermal Stability Assessment of Polymers and Composites for Aeronautics and Space Applications

Multiple-Language-Responsive Conductive Hydrogel Composites for Flexible Strain and Epidermis Sensors

Carbon Nanotubes Strengthen the Interaction of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymers with Steel for Improved Mechanical Properties

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About