Overview of COVID-19 Disease: Virology, Epidemiology, Prevention Diagnosis, Treatment, and Vaccines

Salahshoori, Iman; Mobaraki-Asl, Noushin; Seyfaee, Ahmad; Nasirabad, Nasrin Mirzaei; Dehghan, Zahra; Faraji, Mehrdad; Ganjkhani, Mina; Babapoor, Aziz; Shadmehr, Seyede Zahra; Hamrang, Ali

doi:10.3390/biologics1010002

Cited by 20 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 191 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Coronaviruses (CoVs) are RNA viruses that are single-stranded, encapsulated, and belong to the Coronaviridae family [ 1 , 2 ]. They are classified as beta coronaviruses, gamma coronaviruses, and delta coronaviruses based on differences in protein sequences.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Associated with Poor Treatment Outcome among Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients in South Central, Ethiopia

Kaso

Hareru

Kaso³

et al. 2022

BioMed Research International

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background. Deaths due to COVID-19 are common among the elderly, especially among individuals with underlying illnesses. The pandemic of the COVID-19 impaired the mental, psychological, and physical well-being of people admitted to hospitals. Furthermore, in underdeveloped countries, scarcity of medical equipment was a challenge to manage cases in public health facilities. Thus, understanding the epidemiology and clinical outcomes of COVID-19 patients who are receiving treatment is critical for developing effective treatments and assessing service quality. Therefore, this study is aimed at assessing the treatment outcomes and associated factors among patients affected by the COVID-19 virus. Method. We used an institutional-based retrospective cross-sectional analysis of 398 patients discharged in South Central, Ethiopia, between June 1, 2020, and July 5, 2021. Data were extracted using the data abstraction format. Data were entered, coded, and analyzed using the STATA 16 software. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to assess the factors associated with poor treatment outcomes. A 95% confidence interval with adjusted odds ratio (AOR) and p value less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Result. In our study, the proportion of poor treatment outcomes was 61 (15.3%). Chronic pulmonary disease ( AOR = 5.62 ; 95% CI: 2.49–12.70), asthma ( AOR = 2.8 ; 95% CI: 1.17–6.67), chronic kidney disease ( AOR = 4.81 ; 95% CI: 1.27–18.22),diabetic mellitus ( AOR = 2.27 ; 95% CI: 1.02–5.09), HIV positive ( AOR = 10.44 ; 95% CI: 3.0–36.35), worsening conditions ( AOR = 3.73 , 95% CI: 1.17–11.95), and age 55 and above years ( AOR = 4.35 , 95% CI: 1.30–14.60) were statistically associated with poor treatment outcomes.Conclusion. We found a significant number of patients had favourable treatment. Moreover, aging, having complicated situations at admission, and chronic illnesses such as COPD, CKD, asthma, diabetic mellitus, and HIV/AIDS participants were significantly associated with poor treatment outcomes. Therefore, critical follow–up and management of patients with underlying diseases and worsening health conditions during admission is required.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Associated with Poor Treatment Outcome among Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients in South Central, Ethiopia

Kaso

Hareru

Kaso³

et al. 2022

BioMed Research International

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…CoronaVac by Sinovac, v. BBIBP-CorV by Sinopharm, and, vi. JNJ-78436735 by Janssen Pharmaceuticals Companies of Johnson and Johnson (Table 3 ) [ 49 , 50 ]. These vaccines remove the ability of SARS-CoV-2 to cause severe symptoms of COVID-19, hospitalization, intensive care unit admission, and death.…”

Section: Preventive Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is a one-dose vaccine for individuals aged > 18 years old with 66% efficacy globally [ 48 ]. Furthermore, this vaccine is safe to be administered for pregnant women who may develop more severe COVID-19 symptoms [ 50 ].…”

Section: Preventive Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding and combating COVID-19 using the biology and chemistry of SARS-CoV-2

Khan

Goh

Ahmad

et al. 2022

Bioprocess Biosyst Eng

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Symptoms of COVID-19 can range from asymptomatic to severe, which could lead to fatality. Like other pathogenic viruses, the infection of SARS-CoV-2 relies on binding its spike glycoprotein to the host receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE 2). Molecular studies suggested that there is a high affinity between the spike glycoprotein and ACE 2 that might arise due to their hydrophobic interaction. This property is mainly responsible for making this virus highly infectious. Apart from this, the transmissibility of the virus, prolonged viability in certain circumstances, and rapid mutations also contributed to the current pandemic situation. Nanotechnology provides potential alternative solutions to combat COVID-19 with the development of i. nanomaterial-based COVID-19 detection technology, ii. nanomaterial-based disinfectants, iii. nanoparticle-based vaccines, and iv. nanoparticle-based drug delivery. Hence, this review provides diverse insight into understanding COVID-19.

show abstract

“…Проблеми виникнення емерджентних інфекцій в теперішній час не втрачають своєї актуальності. В кінці 2019 року людство узнало про новий коронавірус SARS-CoV-2, який швидко поширився світом і спричинив пандемію, яка забрала понад 6,3 млн життів в різних країнах світу [1]. В травні 2022 року з'явились повідомлення про випадки мавпячої віспи з країн, які не є ендемічними щодо вірусу -збудника хвороби і не пов'язані з подорожами до ендемічних країн [2].…”

unclassified

Acute Hepatitis of Unknown Etiology: the Task of Epidemiological Surveillance in Ukraine in Modern Conditions

Railian¹,

Chumachenko²,

Makarova³

et al. 2022

Ukr. ž. med. bìol. sportu

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The purpose of the study was to analyze cases of acute hepatitis of undetermined etiology and define the main problems and tasks of epidemiological surveillance in Ukraine for emergent disease of acute hepatitis of unknown etiology. Materials and methods. The method of retrospective epidemiological analysis of data from open sourses on cases of acute hepatitis of undetermined etiology and the bibliosemantic method were used. Results and discussion. It was found that from April 5 to May 27, 2022, 650 cases of acute hepatitis of undetermined etiology in children were registered in 33 countries in 5 World Health Organization regions. The majority of reported cases, 58%, are in the World Health Organization European Region (22 countries). According to data as of May 31, 2022, we realized that the highest incidence of acute hepatitis of unknown etiology among children under 16 years old was observed in countries such as Great Britain – 50.8%, Spain – 11%, Italy – 9.5%, Portugal – 4.9%, the Netherlands and Belgium – 4.6% each, Austria and Cyprus – 0.7% each, Denmark – 2.3%, Greece and Norway – 1.6% each, and Ireland – 2.6%. Out of 305 patients with acute hepatitis of unknown etiology, 237 people were hospitalized, which is 77.7% of cases. Most of them were hospitalized in the UK – 65% of patients, Italy – 11% of cases, Spain – 8.0% of patients. In total, 7.5% of patients were in intensive care units, the largest number was in the UK – 60.9% of cases, Ireland and Spain – 13% of patients. In the age and sex structure of the diseased, children aged 5 years and younger (76%) and female persons prevailed. The etiology is unknown, but there is an association of cases with adenovirus type 41. Samples of whole blood, serum, urine, feces, airway washes, and, if possible, liver biopsies were examined in sick children under 16 years old. A total of 199 cases of acute hepatitis of unknown etiology were tested for adenovirus, of which 59.3% were positive. PCR testing for SARS-CoV-2 was performed in 204 patients, and 11.8% of patients had positive results. Serological tests for SARS-CoV-2 samples of 34 patients were positive, 67.6% of samples. Vaccination against COVID-19 was reported in 72 patients with acute hepatitis of unknown etiology, of which 61 patients (85%) were not vaccinated. Conclusion. It is indicated that it is necessary to identify possible cases of acute hepatitis of undetermined etiology, implement epidemiological investigation of each case, inform medical workers and exchange information with specialists, practice educational work among the population

show abstract

Overview of COVID-19 Disease: Virology, Epidemiology, Prevention Diagnosis, Treatment, and Vaccines

Cited by 20 publications

References 191 publications

Factors Associated with Poor Treatment Outcome among Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients in South Central, Ethiopia

Factors Associated with Poor Treatment Outcome among Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients in South Central, Ethiopia

Understanding and combating COVID-19 using the biology and chemistry of SARS-CoV-2

Acute Hepatitis of Unknown Etiology: the Task of Epidemiological Surveillance in Ukraine in Modern Conditions

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About