Overview and outcome of Hodgkin’s Lymphoma: Experience of a single developing country’s oncology centre

Abstract

Hodgkin’s Lymphoma (HL) reveals variable epidemiological and clinico-pathological features in different geographical locations. In this retrospective study, we aimed to assess the epidemiological and clinic-pathological features, and outcome of HL patients treated at one hemato-oncology centre in Erbil, northern Iraq. Medical records of 103 HL patients treated over more than six years were reviewed. Treatment outcome was evaluated by measuring the 5-year overall and progression-free survival rates. The median age of patients was 23 years, children up to 17 years constituted 31.1%, and male to female ratio was 1:1.05. The majority (96.1%) of patients presented with lymphadenopathy. Nodular sclerosis subtype was the mostly encountered histologic type (48.5%); about half of the patients (49.5%) had stage II disease. Relapse occurred in 20 patients; the 5-year overall survival for children was better (89%) compared to adult patients (79%). The associated risk features found to have adverse effects on the survival, however, only high LDH level and presence of B-symptoms at presentation showed significant correlation. The epidemiological and clinical characteristics of HL in our locality followed the pattern in the western world. The 5-year overall and progression-free survivals were far below the international rates, a matter which may necessitate a revision to HL treatment strategy at our centre.

Hodgkin's Lymphoma: Epidemiological Clinical Characteristics in a Reference Hospital in Oncology in the Eastern Amazon.

“…In this study, the individual's gender seems to be predominantly male for all histological types, therefore, there was no statistically signi cant difference for this variable, despite this, studies report that in some regions the NSHL affects young women in a greater proportion (10); (19).…”

“…The primary tumor location in this study was more common in cervical lymph nodes (65%) and mediastinum (10%) and there was no statistically signi cant difference between histological types. Corroborating this, research carried out at the Iraq Oncology Center found that HL affects cervical and mediastinal lymph nodes more frequently (10). Another study also shows that about two thirds of cases of HL have cervical lymphadenopathy HL rarely has extranodal involvement, which commonly affects extranodal organs, such as skin, bones and gastrointestinal tract (20).…”

“…Some studies report that these types of LH are more frequent in western countries, such as Brazil, and corroborate the results found in the region of this study. (10,11). The MCHL appears to be prevalent in Eastern countries (12), this heterogeneity of histological types may be related to the various aspects that involve the pathogenesis of HL and the etiological role of Epstein-Bar virus (EBV) infection (13).…”

Clinical features and treatment outcomes of Hodgkin lymphoma: A retrospective review in a Malaysian tertiary hospital

“…The lack of an in-house radiotherapy service has led to underutilization of RT; the option of using a single modality i.e. chemotherapy has been described in previous studies [918]. The National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group (NCIC CTG) HD.6 trial compared 4–6 cycles of ABVD alone with subtotal nodal irradiation, adding ABVD only in patients displaying an unfavorable risk profile.…”

“…Staging procedures used, including data of history, clinical examination, contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) or positron emission tomography (PET-CT), and bone marrow examination, were recorded. Bulky disease was defined as lymph node mass >10 cm in diameter or mediastinal mass exceeding one-third of the maximum chest cavity on an upright posteroanterior chest radiograph or CECT [9]. Patients with stage I, IIA, and IIB (non-bulky with no extranodal disease) were considered to have early-stage disease.…”