Overspill Avalanching in a Dense Reservoir Network

Mamede, George Leite; Araújo, Nuno A. M.; Schneider, Christian; Araújo, José Carlos de; Herrmann, Hans J.

doi:10.2139/ssrn.2191634

Cited by 14 publications

(31 citation statements)

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“…Thus, the surface scales like S ~ V 0.63 . Equation (3) showed good agreement with measured data of 21 reservoirs of the Upper Jaguaribe basin (Mamede et al, 2012: data provided by COGERH, 2011.…”

Section: The Resnetm Modelsupporting

confidence: 74%

“…This might be achieved by changing the system when adding or removing specific reservoirs, or changing the attributes.By applying the method of upscaling, by which the information of small scale units is used to answer questions at a larger scale, a new model has been developed, denoted ResNetM. Following the approach of network theory, the model provides a simple water balance for each reservoir, as well as information about the water distribution in the system over decades (Mamede et al, 2012). A spilling reservoir delivers water to its downstream reservoir, which can lead to further spilling in a cascade way.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A spilling reservoir delivers water to its downstream reservoir, which can lead to further spilling in a cascade way. These spilling connections among reservoirs can lead to catastrophic events extending over large fractions of the reservoir network (Mamede et al, 2012), with severe socioeconomic consequences (Dutta et al, 2003; Zhou et al, 2012).). It is, therefore, paramount to understand the dynamics with respect to these spilling avalanches.The area under focus is the Upper Jaguaribe basin, located in the south of the state of Ceará, Brazil, which is part of the Brazilian semiarid drought polygon (see Figure 1).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Flood avalanches in a semiarid basin with a dense reservoir network

Peter

Araújo

et al. 2014

Journal of Hydrology

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This study investigates flood avalanches in a dense reservoir network in the semiarid north-eastern Brazil. The population living in this area strongly depends on the availability of the water from this network. Water is stored during intense wet-season rainfall events and evaporates from the reservoir surface during the dry season. These seasonal changes are the driving forces behind the water dynamics in the network. The reservoir network and its connectivity properties during flood avalanches are investigated with a model called ResNetM, which simulates each reservoir explicitly. It runs on the basis of daily calculated water balances for each reservoir. A spilling reservoir contributes with water to the reservoir downstream, which can trigger avalanches affecting, in some cases, large fractions of the network. The main focus is on the study of the relation between the total amount of water stored and the largest observable cluster of connected reservoirs that overspill in the same day. It is shown that the thousands of small and middle-sized reservoirs are eminent for the retention of water upstream the large ones. Therefore, they prevent large clusters at a low level of water. Concerning connectivity measures, the actual reservoir network, which evolved without an integrated plan, performed better (i.e., generated smaller avalanches for similar amount of stored water) than numerous stochastically generated artificial reservoir networks on the same river network

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Section: The Resnetm Modelsupporting

confidence: 74%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Flood avalanches in a semiarid basin with a dense reservoir network

Peter

Araújo

et al. 2014

Journal of Hydrology

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“…In the Caatinga, rivers are almost exclusively intermittent, and groundwater is scarce and/or salty because of the prevalence of fissural aquifers in crystalline bedrock. As a result, to overcome the water scarcity in dry years, a dense network of artificial reservoirs has been built since the last Century (Mamede et al ., ; Peter et al ., ), whose water supplies up to 90% of the demand (de Araújo et al ., ). However, several driving forces lead to the consistent decline of the network water availability, such as pollution (Zuo et al ., ) and reservoir silting (de Araújo et al ., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The following discharge indexes have been used: ‘R’ refers to runoff; ‘G’ to groundwater; ‘H’ to precipitation; ‘U’ to water use; ‘I’ to infiltration; ‘E’ to evaporation; and ‘S’ to spillway outflow. Discharge Q G is negligible at AEB; Q H is the rainfall multiplied by the flooded area; Q U is about 1 m 3 day −1 (field measurements); Q I is assessed as 30% of the class‐A pan evaporation (Mamede et al ., ) times the flooded area; Q E is the class‐A pan evaporation rate times the correction factor (0.70: see Linacre, ) times the flooded area and Q S is estimated based on the spillway rating curve. During the analysis period no overflow has been observed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Runoff initiation in a preserved semiarid Caatinga small watershed, Northeastern Brazil

Figueiredo

Araújo

Costa

2016

Hydrological Processes

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Abstract:This study analyses some hydrological driving forces and their interrelation with surface-flow initiation in a semiarid Caatinga basin (12 km 2 ), Northeastern Brazil. During the analysis period (2005 -2014), 118 events with precipitation higher than 10 mm were monitored, providing 45 events with runoff, 25 with negligible runoff and 49 without runoff. To verify the dominant processes, 179 on-site measurements of saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat) were conducted. The results showed that annual runoff coefficient lay below 0.5% and discharge at the outlet has only occurred four days per annum on average, providing an insight to the surface-water scarcity of the Caatinga biome. The most relevant variables to explain runoff initiation were total precipitation and maximum 60-min rainfall intensity (I 60 ). Runoff always occurred when rainfall surpassed 31 mm, but it never occurred for rainfall below 14 mm or for I 60 below 12 mm h À1 . The fact that the duration of the critical intensity is similar to the basin concentration time (65 min) and that the infiltration threshold value approaches the river-bank saturated hydraulic conductivity support the assumption that Hortonian runoff prevails. However, none of the analysed variables (total or precedent precipitation, soil moisture content, rainfall intensities or rainfall duration) has been able to explain the runoff initiation in all monitored events: the best criteria, e.g. failed to explain 27% of the events. It is possible that surface-flow initiation in the Caatinga biome is strongly influenced by the root-system dynamics, which changes macro-porosity status and, therefore, initial abstraction.

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Erosion at hillslope and micro‐basin scales in the Gilbués desertification region, Northeastern Brazil

et al. 2020

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With an area of 6,200 km2, the Gilbués badlands region in the Brazilian drylands is the largest desertification site in the Country. It is located upstream the Boa Esperança Hydroelectric Power Plant and is contiguous to an important Brazilian agricultural area. However, primary quantitative data on erosive processes are scarce or nonexistent. We analyzed on‐site data (2018–2019) concerning small‐scale (hillslope and micro basin) processes: inter‐rill gross erosion, vegetation coverage factor, sediment yield, and sediment delivery ratio. We measured gross erosion in four hillslopes using metal pins; rainfall erosivity using an automatic meteorological station; soil erodibility; and siltation of five check‐dams that control micro basins (101–103 m2) by means of an unmanned aerial vehicle. Gross erosion (102 Mg ha−1 yr−1; 7.5 mm yr−1) is up to 100‐fold the regional mean value and up to 45‐times the tolerable soil‐loss reference value (0.17 mm yr−1), showing that degradation still evolves. Sparse small vegetation directly exposes two thirds of the soil, with a high vegetation factor (0.90). The sediment delivery ratio of the micro basins is 0.88, compatible with low (12%) sediment‐deposition pattern at this scale. The Maner delivery‐ratio model mimicked field observation, which indicates that relief is the key element influencing sediment deposition there. The check‐dam effectiveness considerably decreased after the first decade of operation due to high siltation rates. Although the Gilbués badland occupies only 5% of the basin upstream of the power plant, it contributes 32% of the sediment load to reservoir and dam. This shows the relevance of the badland restoration for the regional sustainability of water and energy supply.

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Overspill Avalanching in a Dense Reservoir Network

Cited by 14 publications

References 28 publications

Flood avalanches in a semiarid basin with a dense reservoir network

Flood avalanches in a semiarid basin with a dense reservoir network

Runoff initiation in a preserved semiarid Caatinga small watershed, Northeastern Brazil

Erosion at hillslope and micro‐basin scales in the Gilbués desertification region, Northeastern Brazil

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