Overhead Transmission Line Sag Estimation Using the Simple Opto-Mechanical System with Fiber Bragg Gratings—Part 2: Interrogation System

Skorupski, Krzysztof; Harasim, Damian; Panas, Patryk; Cięszczyk, S.; Kisała, Piotr; Kacejko, P.; Mroczka, Janusz; Wydra, M.

doi:10.3390/s20092652

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…For an acrylic coating, the maximum operating temperature is about 85 °C, and for a polyamide coating it is already 300 °C. Interrogation systems with a matched filter and structures with high FWHM allow to extend the measurement range of the spectral shift to about 3 nm [ 31 ]. This limits the temperature measurement to the value of about 270 °C and to the strain measurement to the value of about 2500 με.…”

Section: Analysis Of the Obtained Results And Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical and Experimental Analysis of Matched Filter Interrogation of FBG Sensors with Large Side Lobes

Skorupski

Cięszczyk

Panas

et al. 2020

Sensors

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This article presents the effect of fiber Bragg gratings side lobes on interrogation systems consisting of sensor and matched filters. The conducted research shows that high-value side lobe structures applied as sensors and/or filters are characterized by some interesting properties. The paper presents both numerical analysis and experimental verification of the fiber Bragg gratings (FBG) interrogation systems with matched filters for gratings containing high side lobes. Numerical modeling of Bragg structures was performed for two different cases: uniform and inverse apodization. Modification of apodization can change the side lobe reflectance level even above levels found in uniform structures. This is a case not described in the literature, especially in terms of possible applications. Transfer characteristics, i.e., the relationship between power intensity as a function of wavelength shift, were determined. A collection of gratings with spectra corresponding to those analyzed in numerical experiments were fabricated. Next, the transfer characteristics of the interrogation systems containing real FBG were determined. The properties of the proposed systems are described. It has been shown that a significant level of sidebands, which is often the subject of many drawbacks in filtering or telecommunications systems, can be an advantage. It has been demonstrated that a high level of side lobes can be used to increase the measurement range of the FBG sensor interrogation systems. It has been determined numerically and confirmed experimentally that from the point of view of the design of sensor interrogation systems, it is beneficial to combine specific pairs of gratings: one with a spectrum characterized by a low side lobe level and a second one in which the spectrum has very high side lobes.

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Section: Analysis Of the Obtained Results And Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical and Experimental Analysis of Matched Filter Interrogation of FBG Sensors with Large Side Lobes

Skorupski

Cięszczyk

Panas

et al. 2020

Sensors

Self Cite

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“…In [130] and [131], the chirped fibre Bragg grating sensor was used on an ACSR conductor to measure its strain, from which the sag was calculated. If one can select the chirped fiber Bragg grating transducer and the optical parameters of such a sensor appropriately, high sensitivity to the line elongation can be achieved and hence high accuracy for sag, while reducing the sensitivity to the temperature.…”

Section: Opticalmentioning

confidence: 99%

A survey of sag monitoring methods for power grid transmission lines

Chen

Xiao-lin

2023

IET Generation Trans & Dist

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The transmission line is a fundamental asset in the power grid. The sag condition of the transmission line between two support towers requires accurate real-time monitoring in order to avoid any health and safety hazards or power failure. In this paper, state-of-theart methods on transmission line sag monitoring are thoroughly reviewed and compared. Both the direct methods that use the direct video or image of the transmission line and the indirect methods that use the relationships between sag and line parameters are investigated. Sag prediction methods and relevant industry standards are also examined. Based on these investigation and examination, future research challenges are outlined and useful recommendations on the choices of sag monitoring methods in different applications are made.

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“…As a result, a number of systems have been developed to monitor the condition of power transmission lines, where the calculation of cable sag is of particular importance. Among the specific elements presented in the scientific literature, we can mention: monitoring based on a network of wireless sensors [9,10], the creation of a data communication system based on Long Range (LoRa) [11], the monitoring of power lines using chirped fibre Bragg grating [12,13] and the realisation of a power line monitoring system based on Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-time Monitoring of Cable Sag and Overhead Line Parameters Based on a Distributed Sensor Network and Implementation in a Web server and IoT

Nicola,

Sacerdoțianu

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Based on the need for real-time sag monitoring of Overhead Power Lines (OPL) for electricity transmission, this article presents the implementation of a hardware and software system for online monitoring of OPL cables and cable sag determination. The mathematical model based on differential equations and the methods of algorithmic calculation of OPL cable sag are presented. Considering that, based on the mathematical model presented, the calculation of OPL cable sag can be done in different ways depending on the sensors used, and the presented application uses a variety of sensors. Therefore, a direct calculation is made using one of the different methods. Subsequently, the verification relations are highlighted directly and, respectively, the calculation by the alternative method, which uses another group of sensors, to generate both a verification of the calculation and the functionality of the sensors, thus obtaining a defect observer of the sensors. The hardware architecture of the OPL cable online monitoring application is presented, together with the main characteristics of the sensors and communication equipment used. The configurations required to transmit data using the ModBUS and ZigBee protocols are also presented. The main software modules of the OPL cable condition monitoring application are described, which ensure the monitoring of the main parameters of the power line and the visualisation of the results both on the electricity provider's intranet using a web server and MySQL database, and on the Internet using an Internet of Things (IoT) server. This categorisation of the data visualisation mode is done in such a way as to ensure a high level of cyber security. Starting from the mathematical model of the OPL cable sag calculation, it goes through the stages of creating such a monitoring system, from the numerical simulations carried out using Matlab to the real-time implementation of this monitoring application. The main modules of the application software are: the software module for reading quantities from the sensor network through a ModBUS Input/Output (I/O) server, the software module for real-time calculation of the OPL cable sag, the software module for read/write operations based on MySQL type data, the software module for transferring data to the user's intranet through a web server, and the software module for viewing data by authorised users based on user and password through an IoT server. The development software environments used are Matlab and Laboratory Virtual Instrument Engineering Workbench (LabVIEW).

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Overhead Transmission Line Sag Estimation Using the Simple Opto-Mechanical System with Fiber Bragg Gratings—Part 2: Interrogation System

Cited by 12 publications

References 24 publications

Numerical and Experimental Analysis of Matched Filter Interrogation of FBG Sensors with Large Side Lobes

Numerical and Experimental Analysis of Matched Filter Interrogation of FBG Sensors with Large Side Lobes

A survey of sag monitoring methods for power grid transmission lines

Real-time Monitoring of Cable Sag and Overhead Line Parameters Based on a Distributed Sensor Network and Implementation in a Web server and IoT

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