Overemphasized “g”

Stankov, Lazar

doi:10.3390/jintelligence5040033

Cited by 21 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…No causal effect of GMA on specific abilities; shared variance distributed through orthogonalization Mutualism model van der Maas et al (2006;2017) Cognitive processes reciprocally interact during development and in so doing positively influence each other, leading to the emergence of the positive manifold.…”

Section: Tablementioning

confidence: 99%

General mental ability and specific abilities: Their relative importance for extrinsic career success.

Lang¹,

Kell²

2020

Journal of Applied Psychology

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Recent research on the role of general mental ability (GMA) and specific abilities in work-related outcomes has shown that the results differ depending on the theoretical and conceptual approach that researchers use. While earlier research has typically assumed that GMA causes the specific abilities and has thus used incremental validity analysis, more recent research has explored the implications of treating GMA and specific abilities as equals (differing only in breadth and not subordination) and has used relative importance analysis. In this paper, we extend this work to the prediction of extrinsic career success operationalized as pay, income, and the attainment of jobs with high prestige. Results, based on a large national sample, revealed that GMA and specific abilities measured in school were good predictors of job prestige measured after 11 years, pay measured after 11 years, and income 51 years later toward the end of the participants' work lives. With one exception, GMA was a dominant predictor in incremental validity analyses. However, in relative importance analyses, the majority of the explained variance was explained by specific abilities, and GMA was not more important than single specific abilities in relative importance analyses. Visuospatial, verbal, and mathematical abilities all had substantial variance shares and were also more important than GMA in some of the analyses. Implications for the interpretation of cognitive ability data and facilitating people's success in their careers are discussed.

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Section: Tablementioning

confidence: 99%

General mental ability and specific abilities: Their relative importance for extrinsic career success.

Lang¹,

Kell²

2020

Journal of Applied Psychology

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“…Earlier photometry covering 1966 -1970 (see Table 1 in Breger 2000) was not extensive enough to determine the frequencies of 4 CVn with sufficient accuracy. Furthermore, some additional data from 1997 (Stankov et al 2000) were not included because of relatively lower internal consistency. We note though that inclusion of these data would not change the conclusions of the present paper.…”

Section: Photometric Frequency Determinationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonradial and radial period changes of theδScuti star 4 CVn

Breger

Montgomery

Lenz

et al. 2017

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Aims. Radial and nonradial pulsators on and near the main sequence show period and amplitude changes that are too large to be the product of stellar evolution. The multiperiodic Delta Sct stars are well suited to study this, as the period changes of different modes excited in the same star can be compared. This requires a very large amount of photometric data covering years and decades as well as mode identifications. Methods. We have examined over 800 nights of high-precision photometry of the multiperiodic pulsator 4 CVn obtained from 1966 through 2012. Because most of the data were obtained in adjacent observing seasons, it is possible to derive very accurate period values for a number of the excited pulsation modes and to study their systematic changes from 1974 to 2012. Results. Most pulsation modes show systematic significant period and amplitude changes on a timescale of decades. For the well-studied modes, around 1986 a general reversal of the directions of both the positive and negative period changes occurred. Furthermore, the period changes between the different modes are strongly correlated, although they differ in size and sign. For the modes with known values of the spherical degree and azimuthal order, we find a correlation between the direction of the period changes and the identified azimuthal order, m. The associated amplitude changes generally have similar timescales of years or decades, but show little systematic or correlated behavior from mode to mode. Conclusions. A natural explanation for the opposite behavior of the prograde and retrograde modes is that their period changes are driven by a changing rotation profile. The changes in the rotation profile could in turn be driven by processes, perhaps the pulsations themselves, that redistribute angular momentum within the star. In general, different modes have different rotation kernels, so this will produce period shifts of varying magnitude for different modes.

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“…11In the study of Ryan (2006) with 298 University students the intercorrelations of three scenarios, Furniture Factory (FF), Taylorshop (T) and FSYS (F), were also rather small but significant ( r FF,T = 0.30, r FF,F = 0.27, r T,F = 0.10; Stankov, 2017). …”

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confidence: 99%

Impact of Cognitive Abilities and Prior Knowledge on Complex Problem Solving Performance – Empirical Results and a Plea for Ecologically Valid Microworlds

Süß

Kretzschmar

2018

Front. Psychol.

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The original aim of complex problem solving (CPS) research was to bring the cognitive demands of complex real-life problems into the lab in order to investigate problem solving behavior and performance under controlled conditions. Up until now, the validity of psychometric intelligence constructs has been scrutinized with regard to its importance for CPS performance. At the same time, different CPS measurement approaches competing for the title of the best way to assess CPS have been developed. In the first part of the paper, we investigate the predictability of CPS performance on the basis of the Berlin Intelligence Structure Model and Cattell’s investment theory as well as an elaborated knowledge taxonomy. In the first study, 137 students managed a simulated shirt factory (Tailorshop; i.e., a complex real life-oriented system) twice, while in the second study, 152 students completed a forestry scenario (FSYS; i.e., a complex artificial world system). The results indicate that reasoning – specifically numerical reasoning (Studies 1 and 2) and figural reasoning (Study 2) – are the only relevant predictors among the intelligence constructs. We discuss the results with reference to the Brunswik symmetry principle. Path models suggest that reasoning and prior knowledge influence problem solving performance in the Tailorshop scenario mainly indirectly. In addition, different types of system-specific knowledge independently contribute to predicting CPS performance. The results of Study 2 indicate that working memory capacity, assessed as an additional predictor, has no incremental validity beyond reasoning. We conclude that (1) cognitive abilities and prior knowledge are substantial predictors of CPS performance, and (2) in contrast to former and recent interpretations, there is insufficient evidence to consider CPS a unique ability construct. In the second part of the paper, we discuss our results in light of recent CPS research, which predominantly utilizes the minimally complex systems (MCS) measurement approach. We suggest ecologically valid microworlds as an indispensable tool for future CPS research and applications.

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Overemphasized “g”

Cited by 21 publications

References 35 publications

General mental ability and specific abilities: Their relative importance for extrinsic career success.

General mental ability and specific abilities: Their relative importance for extrinsic career success.

Nonradial and radial period changes of theδScuti star 4 CVn

Impact of Cognitive Abilities and Prior Knowledge on Complex Problem Solving Performance – Empirical Results and a Plea for Ecologically Valid Microworlds

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