Over‐expression of ascorbate peroxidase in tobacco chloroplasts enhances the tolerance to salt stress and water deficit

Badawi, Ghazi Hamid; Kawano, Naoyoshi; Yamauchi, Yasuo; Shimada, Emi; Sasaki, Ryozo; Kubo, Akihiro; Tanaka, Kiyoshi

doi:10.1111/j.0031-9317.2004.00308.x

Cited by 234 publications

(118 citation statements)

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“…Other ROS scavenging enzymes have also attracted attention. Catalase over-expression in tobacco resulted in enhanced recovery from high light intensity and MV (Miyagawa et al 2000), while expression of an ascorbate peroxidase gene resulted in protection against aminotriazole (but not paraquat)-induced oxidative stress (Wang et al 1999) and heat stress (Shi et al 2001) in Arabidopsis, and salt and drought stress in tobacco (Badawi et al 2004a). A similar outcome was achieved through the overexpression of glutathione reductase in tobacco (Aono et al 1993) and poplar (Foyer et al 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…ROS have a high capacity for oxidation of a wide range of cellular components, including lipids, nucleic acids and proteins (Badawi et al 2004a), disrupting a range of cellular functions and leading to extensive cell damage. During normal metabolism ROS levels are kept in check by a battery of enzymic and nonenzymic anti-oxidants which have evolved for the purpose.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modification of reactive oxygen species scavenging capacity of chloroplasts through plastid transformation

et al. 2011

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS), including superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radicals are generated through normal biochemical processes, but their production is increased by abiotic stresses. The prospects for enhancing ROS scavenging, and hence stress tolerance, by direct gene expression in a vulnerable cell compartment, the chloroplast, have been explored in tobacco. Several plastid transformants were generated which contained either a Nicotiana mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) or an Escherichia coli glutathione reductase (gor) gene. MnSOD lines had a three-fold increase in MnSOD activity, but interestingly a five to nine-fold increase in total chloroplast SOD activity. Gor transgenic lines had up to 6 times higher GR activity and up to 8 times total glutathione levels compared to wild type tobacco. Photosynthetic capacity of transplastomic plants, as measured by chlorophyll content and variable fluorescence of PSII was equivalent to non-transformed plants.The response of these transplastomic lines to several applied stresses was examined. In a number of cases improved stress tolerance was observed. Examples include enhanced methyl viologen (Paraquat)-induced oxidative stress tolerance in Mn-superoxidase dismutase overexpressing plants, improved heavy metal tolerance in glutathione reductase expressing lines, and improved tolerance to UV-B radiation in both sets of plants.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modification of reactive oxygen species scavenging capacity of chloroplasts through plastid transformation

et al. 2011

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“…Over-expression of the above mentioned enzymes leads to increased tolerance to abiotic stresses such as low temperature and water stress. Overexpression of ascorbate peroxidase in tobacco chloroplasts enhanced tolerance to salt stress and water deficit (Badawi et al, 2004). Transgenic alfalfa expressing Mn-superoxide dismutase cDNA reduced injury during water-deficit stress (Mckersie et al, 1996(Mckersie et al, , 2000.…”

Section: Antioxidants and Mechanisms Of Detoxificationmentioning

confidence: 98%

Genetic approaches towards overcoming water deficit in plants - special emphasis on LEAs

Khurana

Vishnudasan

Chhibbar

2008

Physiol Mol Biol Plants

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Water deficit arises as a result of low temperature, salinity and dehydration, thereby affecting plant growth adversely and making it imperative for plants to surmount such situations by acclimatizing/adapting at various levels. Water deficit stress results in significant changes in gene expression, mediated by interconnected signal transduction pathways that may be triggered by calcium, and regulated via ABA dependent and/or independent pathways. Hence, adaptation of plants to such stresses involves maintaining cellular homeostasis, detoxification of harmful elements and also growth alterations. Stress in general cause excess production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the plants overcome the same by either preventing the accumulation of ROS or by eliminating the ROS formed. Ion homeostasis includes processes such as cellular uptake, sequestration and export in conjunction with long distance transport. Requisite amounts of osmolytes are hence synthesized under stress to maintain turgor along with maintaining the macromolecular structures and also for scavenging ROS. Another noteworthy response is the accumulation of novel proteins, including enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of osmoprotectants, heat-shock proteins (HSPs), late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins, antifreeze proteins, chaperones, detoxification enzymes, transcription factors, kinases and phosphatases. The LEAs belong to a redundant protein family and are highly hydrophilic, boiling-soluble, non-globular and therefore have been defined and classified accordingly. The precise function of LEAs is still unknown, but substantial evidence indicates their involvement in dessication tolerance as the expression of LEAs confers increased resistance to stress in heterologous yeast system and also significantly improves water deficit tolerance in transgenic plants. Genetic manipulation of plants towards conferring abiotic stress tolerance is a daunting task, as the abiotic stress tolerance mechanism is highly complex and various strategies have been exploited to address and evaluate the stress tolerance mechanism, and the molecular responses to water deficit via complex signaling networks. Genomic technologies have recently been useful in integrating the multigenicity of the plant stress responses through, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolite profilling and their interactions. This review deals with the recent developments on genetic approaches for water stress tolerance in plants, with special emphasis on LEAs.

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“…CBFs (C-repeat binding proteins) or dehydration-responsive-element binding AtAPX targeted to the chloroplasts showed enhanced tolerance to salinity and oxidative stress (172). The Arabidopsis pst1 (photoautotrophic salt tolerance 1) mutant is more tolerant to salt stress than is the wild type.…”

Section: C-repeat Binding Proteinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salt Stress Signaling and Mechanisms of Plant Salt Tolerance

Chinnusamy

Zhu

Genetic Engineering: Principles and Methods

230

151

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INTRODUCTIONSoil salinity of agricultural land has led to the breakdown of ancient civilizations.Even today it threatens agricultural productivity in 77 mha of agricultural land, of which 45 mha (20% of irrigated area) is irrigated and 32 mha (2.1% of dry land) is unirrigated (1). Salinization is further spreading in irrigated land because of improper management of irrigation and drainage. Rain, cyclones and wind also add NaCl into the coastal agricultural land. Soil salinity often leads to the development of other problems in soils such as soil sodicity and alkalinity. Soil sodicity is the result of the binding of Na + to the negatively charged clay particles, which leads to clay swelling and dispersal. Hydrolysis of the Na-clay complex results in soil alkalinity. Thus, soil salinity is a major factor limiting sustainable agriculture.The USDA salinity laboratory defines saline soil as having electrical conductivity of the saturated paste extract (EC e ) of 4 dS m -1 (1 dS m -1 is approximately equal to 10 mM NaCl) or more. High concentrations of soluble salts such as chlorides of sodium, calcium and magnesium contribute to the high electrical conductivity of saline soils.NaCl contributes to most of the soluble salts in saline soil.The development of salinity-tolerant crops is the need of the hour to sustain agricultural production. Conventional breeding programs aimed at improving crop tolerance to salinity have limited success because of the complexity of the trait (2). Slow progress in breeding for salt-tolerant crops can be attributed to the poor understanding of the molecular mechanisms of salt tolerance. Understanding the molecular basis of plant salt tolerance will also help improve drought and extreme-temperature-stress tolerance, since osmotic and oxidative stresses are common to these abiotic stresses. The salt-2 tolerant mechanisms of plants can be broadly described as ion homeostasis, osmotic homeostasis, stress damage control and repair, and growth regulation (3). This chapter reviews recent progress in understanding salt-stress signaling and breeding/genetic engineering for salt -tolerant crops. EFFECT OF SALINITY ON PLANT DEVELOPMENTSalinity affects almost all aspects of plant development, including germination, vegetative growth and reproductive development. Soil salinity imposes ion toxicity, osmotic stress, nutrient (N, Ca, K, P, Fe, Zn) deficiency and oxidative stress on plants.Salinity also indirectly limits plant productivity through its adverse effects on the growth of beneficial and symbiotic microbes. High salt concentrations in soil impose osmotic stress and thus limit water uptake from soil. Sodium accumulation in cell walls can rapidly lead to osmotic stress and cell death (1). Ion toxicity is the result of replacement of K + by Na + in biochemical reactions, and Na + and Cl --induced conformational changes in proteins. For several enzymes, K + acts as cofactor and cannot be substituted by Na + .High K + concentration is also required for binding tRNA to ribosomes and thus protein synt...

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Over‐expression of ascorbate peroxidase in tobacco chloroplasts enhances the tolerance to salt stress and water deficit

Cited by 234 publications

References 32 publications

Modification of reactive oxygen species scavenging capacity of chloroplasts through plastid transformation

Modification of reactive oxygen species scavenging capacity of chloroplasts through plastid transformation

Genetic approaches towards overcoming water deficit in plants - special emphasis on LEAs

Salt Stress Signaling and Mechanisms of Plant Salt Tolerance

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