Outdoor air pollution and risk for kidney parenchyma cancer in 14 European cohorts

Abstract

Several studies have indicated weakly increased risk for kidney cancer among occupational groups exposed to gasoline vapors, engine exhaust, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and other air pollutants, although not consistently. It was the aim to investigate possible associations between outdoor air pollution at the residence and the incidence of kidney parenchyma cancer in the general population. We used data from 14 European cohorts from the ESCAPE study. We geocoded and assessed air pollution concentrations at baseline addresses by land-use regression models for particulate matter (PM10, PM2.5, PMcoarse, PM2.5 absorbance (soot)) and nitrogen oxides (NO2, NOx), and collected data on traffic. We used Cox regression models with adjustment for potential confounders for cohort-specific analyses and random effects models for meta-analyses to calculate summary hazard ratios (HRs). The 289,002 cohort members contributed 4,111,908 person-years at risk. During follow-up (mean 14.2 years) 697 incident cancers of the kidney parenchyma were diagnosed. The meta-analyses showed higher HRs in association with higher PM concentration, e.g. HR = 1.57 (95%CI: 0.81–3.01) per 5 μg/m3 PM2.5 and HR = 1.36 (95%CI: 0.84–2.19) per 10−5m−1 PM2.5 absorbance, albeit never statistically significant. The HRs in association with nitrogen oxides and traffic density on the nearest street were slightly above one. Sensitivity analyses among participants who did not change residence during follow-up showed stronger associations, but none were statistically significant. Our study provides suggestive evidence that exposure to outdoor PM at the residence may be associated with higher risk for kidney parenchyma cancer; the results should be interpreted cautiously as associations may be due to chance

Air pollution and incidence of cancers of the stomach and the upper aerodigestive tract in the European Study of Cohorts for Air Pollution Effects (ESCAPE)

“…The consistency of the HRs between the cohorts indicates that the association between PM 2.5 and gastric cancer is no chance finding. Further support for an association between PM 2.5 and cancer risk comes from other ESCAPE studies, in which PM 2.5 together with PM 10 was the pollutant that was most clearly and strongly associated with increased risks of lung and kidney cancer …”

The Kidney Injury Induced by Short‐Term PM2.5 Exposure and the Prophylactic Treatment of Essential Oils in BALB/c Mice

“…A retrospective study in China has shown that long-term exposure to PM 2.5 is associated with an increased risk of membranous nephropathy [ 6 ]. Furthermore, some studies have demonstrated that long-term exposure to outdoor PM can increase the risk of kidney parenchyma cancer [ 7 , 8 ]. Lately, Aztatzi-Aguilar et al demonstrated that subchronic exposure to PM 2.5 induced an acute kidney damage that involved an angiotensin and bradykinin system as well as antioxidant and immune imbalance [ 9 ].…”

Manger dans les transports urbains : un comportement à déconseiller pour la santé et l’hygiène ?

“…Même si le rôle de la pollution atmosphérique dans l'étiologie des maladies respiratoires chroniques est encore un sujet de débat, de nombreuses études épidémiologiques ont mis en évidence des liens entre maladies cardio-respiratoires et pollution atmosphérique, notamment par des particules fines d'origine chimique ou organique [1] [3]. L'exposition, même à court terme (pic de pollution) ou chronique, à la pollution atmosphérique semble être associée aux troubles asthmatiques [4], au cancer du poumon [5] et du rein [6], à l'infarctus du myocarde [7], aux perturbations de la fonction thyroïdienne [8], à la croissance des cellules épithéliales bronchiques [9] et à l'augmentation de la mortalité cardiovasculaire [10]. Selon l'Organisation mondiale de la santé, la pollution atmosphérique cause chaque année en moyenne la mort prématurée d'environ six millions de personnes dans le monde [11].…”