Outcome of congenital heart defects–a population‐based study

Meberg, Alf; Je, Otterstad; Frøland, G; Lindberg, Harald; Sørland, Svein

doi:10.1111/j.1651-2227.2000.tb00763.x

Cited by 54 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…has shown extra cardiac manifestations of CHDs (due to chromosomal abnormality) in up to 20% cases. (12) In our study, 17(23%) cases had family history of congenital heart diseases which was more than the study done by Ahmed Settin et al in (13%) (10) and Faheem UlHaq et al in (14%) children. (6) Our study shows that drug intake during index pregnancy increases the risk of development of CHDs, and comparable to similar studies.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 43%

An Assessment of Risk Factors for Congenital Heart Diseases in Children of Age Group 0 - 10 Years : A Case Control Study

Kumar¹,

Gupta²,

Kumar³

et al. 2015

jemds

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BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES:Congenital heart diseases (CHDs) affect approx 6-8 infants per1000 live births have multifactorial origin. Various studies attribute number of maternal (e.g. family history of congenital heart diseases, consanguinity, febrile illness, co-morbidities like diabetes or hypertension) and fetal factors (prematurity, LBW, chromosomal abnormality) for development of CHDs. There is paucity of data in India; hence this study was conducted to evaluate risk factors in causation of CHDs in children. METHOD: It was a case control study conducted from Mar to Aug 2012 among children up to 10 years of age attending tertiary care hospital in Maharashtra, India. A total of 75 cases of CHDs and equal number of matched controls were included in the study. RESULTS: The mean age of cases was 19 months and that of controls 18 months. Male to female ratio was 1.5:1 among cases and 1.7:1 among controls. VSD was the commonest cardiac anomaly found in 37(49.33%) cases. In neonatal characteristics, cases had significantly increased number of prematurity and low birth weight as, compared to control(p=0.006), OR-3.25(95% CI 1. 35-8.25) and(p<0.001), OR-3.86 (95% CI 1.85-8.11) respectively. Twenty six (35%) children among cases were born of consanguineous marriage while 8(11%) in controls and association was found statistically significant [p<0.01, OR-4.44 (95% C.I=1.75-12.24)]. Similar associations were seen with family history of congenital heart diseases ), co-morbidities [p=0.02, OR-2.7 (95% CI 1.1-6.93)]. CONCLUSION: Our study showed maternal factors like consanguinity, family history of congenital heart diseases, co-morbidities like gestational diabetes, hypertension and drug intake during pregnancy were significant underlying risk factors for development of CHDs in children.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 43%

An Assessment of Risk Factors for Congenital Heart Diseases in Children of Age Group 0 - 10 Years : A Case Control Study

Kumar¹,

Gupta²,

Kumar³

et al. 2015

jemds

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“…Age has been found to have a significant infl uence on the incidence of spontaneous VSD closure, whereas gender seems less likely to aff ect the incidence. Although spontaneous VSD closure can occur at any agegestation, infancy, childhood, adolescence, and adulthood (1)-it occurs most commonly during the fi rst 6 months of life (2), during the fi rst year (3,4), or soon after the fi rst year of life (5). Afterward, the occurrence of closure declines progressively and occurs less commonly after the age of 10 (5).…”

Section: Incidence Of Spontaneous Vsd Closurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Spontaneous closure may also be attributed to progressive muscular "encroachment" at the margins of the defect with subsequent fi brosis and covering by endocardial proliferation, because VSD, in most cases of tricuspid atresia, is located in the muscular defect, which is surrounded entirely by muscle (1). Another mechanism for closure of muscular VSD is by progressive growth of cardiac tissue from the right ventricular side of the circumference of the defect or by growth and hypertrophy of the surrounding muscular septum (4,5).…”

Section: Mechanisms Responsible For Spontaneous Vsd Closurementioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Spontaneous Closure of Ventricular Septal Defect

Zhang¹,

Ko²,

Guileyardo³

et al. 2015

Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings

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516Ventricular septal defect (VSD) is the most common congenital heart malformation and can be detected during the prenatal and postnatal period, in childhood, and in adulthood. Spontaneous closure of VSD can be determined through a variety of methods-echocardiography, Doppler color flow imaging, angiography, auscultation, and cardiac catheterization-and can be proven by pathological evidence at necropsy. There are two major types of VSD, membranous and muscular, as well as the perimembranous variety, which comprises variable portions of the adjacent muscular septum but lacks the membranous septum. VSD appears either as an isolated cardiac defect without other abnormalities or with several complex malformations. It has long been recognized that VSD can close spontaneously, but the incidence of spontaneous VSD closure is still uncertain. Since necropsy study of the hearts with VSD has rarely been reported, information on morphological features of spontaneous VSD closure remains limited. In addition, the mechanisms for spontaneous VSD closure are not fully understood. Herein, we present a brief review of the incidence of spontaneous VSD closure, morphological characteristics of the closure, and the main mechanisms responsible for the closure. INCIDENCE OF SPONTANEOUS VSD CLOSURETh e incidence of spontaneous ventricular septal defect (VSD) closure varies greatly, depending on the age and gender of subjects at spontaneous closure, the size and site of the defect, the types of defect, as well as the population studied, methods employed, and length of follow-up period. Table 1 presents available data on the incidence of spontaneous VSD closure.Age and gender. Age has been found to have a significant infl uence on the incidence of spontaneous VSD closure, whereas gender seems less likely to aff ect the incidence. Although spontaneous VSD closure can occur at any agegestation, infancy, childhood, adolescence, and adulthood (1)-it occurs most commonly during the fi rst 6 months of life (2), during the fi rst year (3, 4), or soon after the fi rst year of life (5). Afterward, the occurrence of closure declines progressively and occurs less commonly after the age of 10 (5). It has been documented that the incidence of the close increases with age, from 24% at 18 months of age to 50% at 48 months and 75% at 120 months (6). However, in older children, at 3.5 years old, the incidence declines sharply to 44% and then rises to 66% at 7 years and 75% at 10.5 years (6). A similar trend has been found in other reports, which showed 57% (109/190) of cases closed before 3 years of age, 89% (169/190) closed before 8 years of age (7), and 4% to 10% closed after the age of 17 (8, 9). During adulthood, the incidence of spontaneous VSD closure remarkably declines. One study showed that of 188 adults with VSD, 19 patients' (10%) VSD closed spontaneously between the age of 17 and 45 years, and the incidence of closure was greater in the 17-to 24-year age group than the 25-to 34-year group, the 35-to 44-year group, and the ≥45-year group (8)...

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“…They constitute a major 43 cause of infant mortality and morbidity in childhood and in later adult life [25]. On the other hand, the number of 44 adults with some form of congenital heart disease is growing rapidly as therapy becomes increasingly effective 45 [23].…”

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confidence: 99%