Outbreaks of Salmonella enteritidis Infections in the United States, 1985-1991

Mishu, Ban; Koehler, Jane E.; Lee, Lisa A.; Rodrigue, Daniel C.; Brenner, Frances Hickman; Blake, Paul A.; Tauxe, Robert V.

doi:10.1093/infdis/169.3.547

Cited by 181 publications

(108 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Epidemiological investigations have shown that poultry, poultry products, pork and raw milk are the most common sources of sporadic outbreaks of human salmonellosis 19,20,32 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retrospective study on the incidence of Salmonella isolations in animals in South Africa, 1996 to 2006

Kidanemariam¹,

Engelbrecht²,

Picard³

2010

J. S. Afr. Vet. Assoc.

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A retrospective study that involves the analysis of laboratory diagnostic data collected during the period 1996-2006 was conducted. A total of 3417 Salmonella isolations involving 183 different serotypes was recorded from 1999-2006, inclusive, at the Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Agricultural Research Council, South Africa. The most common serotypes were Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Typhimurium (917 incidents), Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Dublin (248 incidents), Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Enteritidis (232 incidents), Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Muenchen (164 incidents), Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Heidelberg (118 incidents) and Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Chester (113 incidents). The number of recorded Salmonella isolations over the period 1996 to 2006 varies considerably from year to year. The peak of 693 isolations was recorded in 1997, and the lowest, 108 incidents, in 2001. Of the total incidents recorded during the period of survey, 2410 (70.5 %) occurred in poultry and other birds, 641 (18.75 %) occurred in cattle, 255 (7.46) in pigs and 111 (3.24 %) in sheep. Despite the large number of serotypes isolated (183), 52% of incidents were due to only 6 serotypes in decreasing order of prevalence : S. Typhimurium, S. Dublin, S. Enteritidis, S. Muenchen, S. Heidelberg and S. Chester. Serovar Typhimurium was the most common serotype and was detected in all animal species sampled, with, 65 % (598) of the incidents occurring in poultry and 20 % (187) occurring in cattle. Of the total of 248 incidents of S. Dublin serotype, 95.6 % (237) of incidents occurred in cattle and of the 232 isolates of S. Enteritidis, 223 (96 %) originated from poultry. Serovar Choleraesuis was identified in 16 isolates from pigs. The following 4 serotypes were each recorded in more than 50 incidents : S. Hadar (102), S. Schwarzengrund (99), S. Mbandaka (94) and S. Sandiego (73). The trends of annual incidence of Salmonella infection in cattle, sheep, pigs, poultry and other birds during the 11-year period and the distribution of the main serotypes in individual species of animals from 1996-2006 are discussed

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“…Epidemiological investigations have shown that poultry, poultry products, pork and raw milk are the most common sources of sporadic outbreaks of human salmonellosis 19,20,32 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retrospective study on the incidence of Salmonella isolations in animals in South Africa, 1996 to 2006

Kidanemariam¹,

Engelbrecht²,

Picard³

2010

J. S. Afr. Vet. Assoc.

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“…Many researchers have reported that salmonellosis outbreaks were associated with poultry meat or eggs [9,18,29]. Vertical transfer of infections from breeding hens to progeny has been an important aspect of the epidemiology of Salmonella species infections within the poultry industry [1,7,8,12,30].…”

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confidence: 99%

Characteristics of Persistent Salmonella Enteritidis Strains in Two Integrated Broiler Chicken Operations of Korea

Kwag

Bae

Cho³

et al. 2008

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. The objectives of the study were to investigate the phenotypic and genotypic characterization of the persistent Salmonella Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) isolates in two integrated broiler chicken operations, with attention focused mainly on the epidemiological approach. In the distribution of virulence genes, Salmonella enterotoxin (stn), invading host cell (invA), and Salmonella plasmid virulence (spvC) genes were widely distributed among the S. Enteritidis irrespective of their source of isolation, and Salmonella fimbrial (sefC) and plasmid encoded fimbrial (pef) genes were present in 28 and 20 S. Enteritidis strains, respectively. A total of 5 different XbaI-PFGE types were obtained from 31 S. Enteritidis isolates. Twenty-one types were divided on the basis their PFGE pattern, phage type and antimicrobial resistance pattern determined. There was a significant difference in phenotypic and genotypic characterization by two integrated broiler operations. Also, 8 isolates shown susceptible to all antimicrobials and 11 isolates with resistance to nalidixic acid were partly classified by XbaI PFGE pattern and by the phage type.

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“…Rates increased from Ͻ1 case per 100,000 inhabitants before 1994 to 3.5 per 100,000 in that year, with a further increase to 5.4 cases per 100,000 in 1998 (8,9). These infections have been related to the consumption of inadequately cooked S. enterica serotype Enteritidis-contaminated poultry items (2,11,12,(20)(21)(22). During surveillance studies in Chile, S. enterica serotype Enteritidis isolates have been found in ϳ1 of every 1,000 egg samples and 7% of poultry meat offered at retail markets in the metropolitan area (1).…”

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confidence: 99%

Analysis of Molecular Epidemiology of Chilean Salmonella enterica Serotype Enteritidis Isolates by Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis and Bacteriophage Typing

Fernández¹,

Fíca

Ebensperger³

et al. 2003

J Clin Microbiol

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Human Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis infections emerged in Chile in 1994. S. enterica serotype Enteritidis phage type 1 isolates predominated in the north, and phage type 4 isolates predominated in the central and southern regions. A study was planned to characterize this epidemic using the best discriminatory typing technique. Research involved 441 S. enterica serotype Enteritidis isolates, including clinical preepidemic samples (n ‫؍‬ 74; 1975 to 1993) and epidemic (n ‫؍‬ 199), food (n ‫؍‬ 72), poultry (n ‫؍‬ 57), and some Latin American (n ‫؍‬ 39) isolates. The best method was selected based on a sample of preepidemic isolates, analyzing the discriminatory power (DP) obtained by phage typing and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA and pulsed-field gel electophoresis (PFGE) analysis. The highest DP was associated with BlnI PFGE-bacteriophage typing analysis (0.993). A total of 38 BlnI patterns (B patterns) were identified before the epidemic period, 19 since 1994, and only 4 in both periods. Two major clusters were identified by phylogenetic analysis, and the predominant B patterns clustered in the same branch. Combined analysis revealed that specific B patternphage type combinations (subtypes) disappeared before 1994, that different genotypes associated with S. enterica serotype Enteritidis phage type 4 had been observed since 1988, and that strain diversity increased before the expansion of S. enterica serotype Enteritidis in 1994. Predominant subtype B3-phage type 4 was associated with the central and southern regions, and subtype B38-phage type 1 was associated with the north (P < 0.0001). Food and poultry isolates matched the predominant S. enterica serotype Enteritidis subtypes, but isolates identified in neighboring countries (Peru and Bolivia) did not match S. enterica serotype Enteritidis subtypes identified in the north of Chile. The results of this work demonstrate that genetic diversity, replacement, and expansion of specific S. enterica serotype Enteritidis subtypes were associated with epidemic changes.

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Outbreaks of Salmonella enteritidis Infections in the United States, 1985-1991

Cited by 181 publications

References 17 publications

Retrospective study on the incidence of Salmonella isolations in animals in South Africa, 1996 to 2006

Retrospective study on the incidence of Salmonella isolations in animals in South Africa, 1996 to 2006

Characteristics of Persistent Salmonella Enteritidis Strains in Two Integrated Broiler Chicken Operations of Korea

Analysis of Molecular Epidemiology of Chilean Salmonella enterica Serotype Enteritidis Isolates by Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis and Bacteriophage Typing

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