Out-of-hospital cardiac arrests of non-cardiac origin: Epidemiology and outcome

Kuisma, Markku; Alaspää, Ari

doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.eurheartj.a015407

Cited by 188 publications

(104 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…FDMA databases include the following information recommended at the Utstein International Conference [18,19]: patient backgrounds, arrest witness, aetiology of OHCA (presumed cardiac or non-cardiac), type of BCPR (ventilation-only, compression-only or conventional), origin of BCPR (with or without DA-CPR instruction), initial cardiac rhythm, estimated time of collapse (obtained from the interviews to bystanders), time of bystander and EMT CPR initiation and EMT arrival, 1-month (1-M) survival, bystander group (family members and others) and 1-M cerebral performance category [19,20]. The time points of collapse and BCPR initiation were determined by EMT's interview with the bystander.…”

Section: Methods Of Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of bystander-performed ventilation on functional outcomes after cardiac arrest and factors associated with ventilation-only cardiopulmonary resuscitation: A large observational study

et al. 2015

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Aim: To determine the effectiveness of ventilations in bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (BCPR) and to identify the factors associated with ventilation-only BCPR.Methods: From out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) data prospectively collected from 2005 to 2011 in Japan, we extracted data for 210,134 bystander-witnessed OHCAs with complete datasets but no prehospital involvement of physician [no BCPR, 115,733;2,093; 61,075; and conventional (compressions + ventilations) BCPR, 31,233] and determined the factors associated with 1-month neurologically favourable survival using simple and multivariable logistic regression analyses. In 91,885 patients with known BCPR durations, we determined the factors associated with ventilation-only BCPR.Results: The rate of survival in the no BCPR, ventilation-only, compression-only and conventional group was 2.8%, 3.9%, 4.5% and 5.0%, respectively. After adjustment for other factors associated with outcomes, the survival rate in the ventilation-only group was higher than that in the no BCPR group (adjusted OR; 95% CI, 1.29; 1.01-1.63), but lower than that in the compression-only (0.76; 0.59-0.96) or conventional groups (0.70; 0.55-0.89). Conventional CPR had the highest OR for survival in almost all OHCA subgroups. The adjusted OR (95% CI) for survival after dividing BCPR into ventilation and compression components were 1.19 (1.11-1.27) and 1.60 (1.51-1.69), respectively. Older guidelines, female sex, younger patient age, bystander-initiated CPR without instruction, early BCPR and short BCPR duration were associated with ventilation-only BCPR.Conclusions: Ventilation is a significant component of BCPR, but alone is less effective than compression in improving neurologically favourable survival after OHCAs.Word count: 247

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Section: Methods Of Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of bystander-performed ventilation on functional outcomes after cardiac arrest and factors associated with ventilation-only cardiopulmonary resuscitation: A large observational study

et al. 2015

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“…As stated clearly in the European Resuscitation Council guidelines 2000 [7], the CPR-first BLS action should be considered when the likely cause of unconsciousness or unresponsiveness is trauma and submersion. These OHCAs of noncardiac aetiology are more common in the younger population [20,21]; however, these recommendations were based mainly on theological consideration and not on clinical evidence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advantage of CPR-first over call-first actions for out-of-hospital cardiac arrests in nonelderly patients and of noncardiac aetiology

et al. 2015

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Aim: To assess the benefit of immediate call or cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) for survival from outof-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCAs). Results: The overall survival rates in immediate Call + CPR, Call-First, and CPR-First groups were 11.5, 12.4, and 11.5%, respectively without significant differences (p = 0.543). Subgroup analyses by multivariate logistic regression following univariate analysis disclosed that CPR-first group is more likely to survive in subgroups of noncardiac aetiology (adjusted odds ratio; 95% confidence interval, 2.01; 1.39-2.98) and of nonelderly OHCAs (1.38; 1.09-1.76). MethodsConclusions: Immediate CPR-first action followed by an emergency call without a large delay may be recommended when a bystander with sufficient skills to perform CPR witnesses OHCAs in nonelderly people and of noncardiac aetiology.Word count: 250

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“…Cardiac massage and the use of adrenal gland extract, were both innovations of the 19 th century (Hermreck 1988). Although myocardial infarction is the most common cause of cardiac arrest, it has been estimated that between 10% and 34% of cardiac arrests presenting in hospital are of non-cardiac origin (Grubb et al 1995;Fischer et al 1997;Kuisma and Alaspaa 1997;Weston et al 1997;Engdahl et al 2003). Commonly occurring non-cardiac causes of cardiac arrest include haemorrhage, trauma, pulmonary embolism, near drowning and intoxication (Kuisma and Alaspaa 1997).…”

Section: Historical Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although myocardial infarction is the most common cause of cardiac arrest, it has been estimated that between 10% and 34% of cardiac arrests presenting in hospital are of non-cardiac origin (Grubb et al 1995;Fischer et al 1997;Kuisma and Alaspaa 1997;Weston et al 1997;Engdahl et al 2003). Commonly occurring non-cardiac causes of cardiac arrest include haemorrhage, trauma, pulmonary embolism, near drowning and intoxication (Kuisma and Alaspaa 1997). Cardiac arrest can also be precipitated by electrolyte abnormalities, sepsis (Hess et al 2007) electrocution (Beers and Berkow 1999a) and iatrogenic effects (Brembilla-Perrot et al 2003).…”

Section: Historical Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%