Osteology of Gobiderma pulchrum (Monstersauria, Lepidosauria, Reptilia)

Conrad, Jack L.; Rieppel, Olivier; Gauthier, Jacques A.; Norell, Mark A.

doi:10.1206/740.1

Cited by 25 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…In comparison, varanid lizards have weakly inclined nasal processes developed in conjunction with a posterior retraction of the nares. "Retracted nares" is a common character used in anguimorph matrices (Estes et al, 1988;Norell et al, 2007;Conrad et al, 2011b). In general, true retraction is thought to only appear in varanids.…”

Section: Skullmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The latter authors did note, however, that Estesia mongoliensis groups with Varanidae in a tree only two steps longer than the most parsimonious tree. Several subsequent studies generally found Estesia mongoliensis as a monstersaur (Conrad, 2008;Conrad et al, 2011aConrad et al, , 2011bNydam, 2000), although Yi and Norell (2010) reported that Estesia mongoliensis grouped with varanoids (but see discussions below). In this study, we report new materials of Estesia mongoliensis, including a three-dimensionally preserved skull.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Heloderma suspectum is endemic to southwestern United States and northern Sonora, Mexico, and Heloderma horridum is found in Mexico from southern Sonora into Guatemala (Uetz, 2012). In contrast, fossil monstersaurs (Norell and Gao, 1997), phylogenetically allied to Heloderma, are found in North America (Stevens, 1977;Pregill et al, 1986), Europe (Hoffstetter, 1957), and Asia (Norell et al, 1992;Norell and Gao, 1997;Conrad et al, 2011b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mesozoic records of monstersaurs in North America include Palaeosaniwa canadensis (Gilmore, 1928;Estes, 1983;Balsai, 2001), Paraderma bogerti (Estes, 1964), and Primaderma nessovi (Nydam, 2000). Conrad et al (2011b) also included Parasaniwa wyomingensis (Gilmore, 1928;Estes, 1983) as a basal monstersaur. Among the four taxa, only Paraderma is suggested to bear dental "venom grooves" (Gao and Fox, 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Estesia mongoliensis has grooved teeth but no osteoderms on the skull. Gobiderma pulchrum (Borsuk-Bialynicka, 1984;Gao and Norell 2000;Conrad et al, 2011b), represented by articulated skulls and skeletons, has mound-shaped osteoderms that are fused to the skull, but lacks grooved teeth. Gobiderma pulchrum has been assigned to various anguimorph lineages by different authors (Borsuk-Bialynicka, 1984;Pregill et al, 1986), but the recent work (Conrad et al, 2011b), based on several new specimens, found strong support for this taxon as a basal monstersaur.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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New Materials ofEstesia mongoliensis(Squamata: Anguimorpha) and the Evolution of Venom Grooves in Lizards

Norell

2013

American Museum Novitates

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Section: Skullmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

New Materials ofEstesia mongoliensis(Squamata: Anguimorpha) and the Evolution of Venom Grooves in Lizards

Norell

2013

American Museum Novitates

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Unusual Soft‐Tissue Preservation of a Crocodile Lizard (Squamata, Shinisauria) From the Green River Formation (Eocene) and Shinisaur Relationships

Conrad

Head

Carrano

2014

The Anatomical Record

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We describe an unusual squamate fossil from the Green River Formation (Uintan, Eocene) from the Piceance Creek Basin, Colorado, USA. The new specimen, USNM PAL 540708, is a small fossil squamate skin lacking skeletal elements. It is preserved as a part and counterpart in finegrained limestone. Recovery of a fossil organism's skin (not a shed, but a true skin) is unusual and is most often accompanied by bone preservation. Phylogenetic analysis of a combined morphology (phenotype) and genetic data set reveals that USNM PAL 540708 is a shinisaur and reaffirms that shinisaurs are more closely related to varanids than to Xenosaurus. Shinisaur fossils are very rare, with only three species having been described (Dalinghosaurus longidigitus, Bahndwivici ammoskius, and Merkurosaurus ornatus). Despite differences in the relative size of scales, the new fossil demonstrates that shinisaurs have remained unchanged in the distribution of scales and patterns of scale size during the Cenozoic. This, paired with the osteological similarity between another Green River fossil (Bahndwivici ammoskius) demonstrates considerable overall conservatism within shinisaurs over the past 50 million years. Anat Rec,

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Variation in the Position of the Jugal Medial Ridge Among Lizards (Reptilia: Squamata): Its Functional and Taxonomic Significance

Čerňanský

Smith

Klembara

2014

The Anatomical Record

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The course of the medial ridge in the lizard jugal shows considerable morphological variation. There are four basic configurations: (1) the medial ridge is located ventral to mid-height on the suborbital process and anterior to mid-length on the postorbital process; (2) the medial ridge is located ventrally on the suborbital process (as above), but posteriorly on the postorbital process; (3) the medial ridge is located dorsally on the suborbital process and anteriorly on the postorbital process; and (4) the medial ridge is centrally located along the entire length of the jugal. Ancestral character state reconstruction shows that type 1 is plesiomorphic for Squamata regardless of the broad-scale phylogenetic topology. Type 3 is present in chamaeleonids and convergently in Anolis barbatus. Type 3 is a synapomorphy of the chamaeleonids. Type 2 is considered plesiomorphic for Anguidae, Heloderma and Xenosaurus, although it is independently modified in some extant members. These taxa form a clade in molecular phylogenies of Squamata, and the course of the medial ridge of the jugal therefore provides some measure of morphological support for this arrangement. The course of the medial ridge may be best explained by the position of the eye and by the angle of the jugal; its relations with other bony orbital structures (supraocular osteoderms, palpebral, supraorbital flanges) and the posterior extent of the maxilla are also discussed.

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Osteology of Gobiderma pulchrum (Monstersauria, Lepidosauria, Reptilia)

Cited by 25 publications

References 63 publications

New Materials ofEstesia mongoliensis(Squamata: Anguimorpha) and the Evolution of Venom Grooves in Lizards

New Materials ofEstesia mongoliensis(Squamata: Anguimorpha) and the Evolution of Venom Grooves in Lizards

Unusual Soft‐Tissue Preservation of a Crocodile Lizard (Squamata, Shinisauria) From the Green River Formation (Eocene) and Shinisaur Relationships

Variation in the Position of the Jugal Medial Ridge Among Lizards (Reptilia: Squamata): Its Functional and Taxonomic Significance

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