Osteoimmunomodulatory properties of a magnesium-doped phase-transited lysozyme coating on titanium

Protein-based bioactive coatings: from nanoarchitectonics to applications

“…357 Protein coatings offer a potential solution by modulating the immune response, mimicking the host's tissues, providing a physical barrier, and inducing tolerance. 358 This can significantly enhance the biocompatibility and longevity of medical implants and transplants. As research in protein engineering, biomaterial science, and immunology advances, the application of protein coatings to combat immune rejection holds great promise for the field of transplantation and implantation medicine.…”

Immune regulation enhances osteogenesis and angiogenesis using an injectable thiolated hyaluronic acid hydrogel with lithium-doped nano-hydroxyapatite (Li-nHA) delivery for osteonecrosis

“…In particular, glucocorticoids (GCs) induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (GI-ONFH) is closely related to the abnormal local immune response mediated by macrophages, wherein the osteonecrosis area was found to be dominated by M1 macrophages and reduced M2/M1 ratio, resulting in a decrease in the secretion of pro-tissue repair factors such as VEGF, BMP2 and TGF-β by M2, which finally inhibited new bone formation and led to difficulties in osteonecrosis repair [ [3] , [4] , [5] ], and thus regulation of macrophage phenotypic transformation appears to be a promising approach to treat osteonecrosis such as GI-ONFH. Indeed, immune regulation that creates an osteogenic-friendly microenvironment to effectively promote bone repair and regeneration has attracted considerable interest in recent years for constructing bone related biomaterial platforms [ [6] , [7] , [8] , [9] , [10] , [11] , [12] ], such as barrier membranes, scaffold, and hydrogels.…”