Osteohistology of the Triassic archosauromorphsProlacerta,Proterosuchus,Euparkeria, andErythrosuchusfrom the Karoo Basin of South Africa

Botha‐Brink, Jennifer; Smith, Roger M. H.

doi:10.1080/02724634.2011.621797

Cited by 74 publications

(124 citation statements)

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“…This value was then divided by the number of years counted from the sample, using a year of 380 days (see Botha-Brink and Smith, 2011).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since then, more studies on archosauromorphs, archosauriforms, and pseudosuchian archosaurs have been conducted. Most studied taxa comprise a mixture of bone tissues that usually early in ontogeny form FLB to later switch to LZB (e.g., Ricql es et al, 2003Ricql es et al, , 2008Botha-Brink and Smith, 2011;Werning and Nesbitt, 2016). Their tissue is interrupted by a high number of cyclical growth marks with broad zones alternating with broad annuli capped by a line of arrested growth (LAG; e.g., Ricql es et al, 2003Ricql es et al, , 2008Botha-Brink and Smith, 2011;Werning and Nesbitt, 2016).…”

Section: Previous Work On Basal Archosaur Bone Histologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite the presence of FLB in the inner cortex, the tissue type of pseudosuchians is usually categorized as LZB due to the dominance of parallel-fibered and lamellar bone throughout the cortex (Ricql es et al, 2003(Ricql es et al, , 2008. However, some exceptions occur, such as the large archosauriformes Erythrosuchus and crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus, which largely grew with FLB (Ricql es et al, 2003;Botha-Brink and Smith, 2011).…”

Section: Previous Work On Basal Archosaur Bone Histologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most studied taxa comprise a mixture of bone tissues that usually early in ontogeny form FLB to later switch to LZB (e.g., Ricql es et al, 2003Ricql es et al, , 2008Botha-Brink and Smith, 2011;Werning and Nesbitt, 2016). Their tissue is interrupted by a high number of cyclical growth marks with broad zones alternating with broad annuli capped by a line of arrested growth (LAG; e.g., Ricql es et al, 2003Ricql es et al, , 2008Botha-Brink and Smith, 2011;Werning and Nesbitt, 2016). Osteoderm histology of phytosaurs and aetosaurs as well as that of several 'rauisuchians,' including Batrachotomus (Scheyer and Desojo, 2011;Cerda et al, 2013), documents a similar diverse distribution of bone tissues in these taxa, as is seen in their long bones.…”

Section: Previous Work On Basal Archosaur Bone Histologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Mesozoic diapsids, the variety of combinations among bone tissues and vascular systems (e.g., Ricql es et al, 2003Ricql es et al, , 2008Chinsamy-Turan, 2005;Botha-Brink and Smith, 2011;Sander et al, 2011;Houssaye, 2013;Erickson, 2014;Houssaye et al, 2014;Klein et al, 2015aKlein et al, , 2015b) documents a much higher histological diversity that correlates with various growth patterns and life history strategies, as well as an implied broader metabolic range/diversity than observed in modern tetrapods (e.g., Castanet et al, 1993;K€ ohler et al, 2012). Ichthyosaurs (Buffr enil and Mazin, 1992;Houssaye et al, 2014) and some Sauropterygia (Buffr enil and Mazin, 1990;Wiffen et al, 1995;Klein et al, 2015a) are so far the only known non-archosaur diapsids that formed FLB throughout most of their ontogeny, which might be related-at least in Triassic forms-to a constant warm environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Preliminary observations on the bone histology of the Middle Triassic pseudosuchian archosaurBatrachotomus kupferzellensisreveal fast growth with laminar fibrolamellar bone tissue

Klein

Foth

Schoch

2017

Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology

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ABSTRACT-The bone tissue of femur, rib, and gastralia from three different individuals of the Middle Triassic pseudosuchian Batrachotomus kupferzellensis from southern Germany is studied. The femoral bone tissue comprises laminar fibrolamellar bone tissue throughout and is stratified by three annual growth cycles, indicating that the individual died early in its fourth year of life, at which time it had reached 87% of maximum known femur length. Thus, compared with most other Pseudosuchia (e.g., phytosaurs, aetosaurs, and most crocodylomorphs, including marine taxa), Batrachotomus achieved its large body size in a very short time by fast, although interrupted, growth and not by protracted longevity. Such fast growth as well as the organization of the tissue is similar to the condition observed in ornithodirans. The pseudosuchians Effigia and Postosuchus also show fibrolamellar tissue, but vascular density is lower when compared with Batrachotomus and dominated by a longitudinal organization of primary osteons. The rib and gastralium of Batrachotomus both show an inner spongious organization surrounded by a ring of compact, avascular, highly organized parallel-fibered and/or lamellar bone largely covered by short fibers. Maximal growth cycle count in the proximal rib sample suggests an age of at least 11 years for this individual with a reduction of growth rate after the sixth cycle.

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“…This value was then divided by the number of years counted from the sample, using a year of 380 days (see Botha-Brink and Smith, 2011).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Previous Work On Basal Archosaur Bone Histologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Previous Work On Basal Archosaur Bone Histologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Previous Work On Basal Archosaur Bone Histologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Preliminary observations on the bone histology of the Middle Triassic pseudosuchian archosaurBatrachotomus kupferzellensisreveal fast growth with laminar fibrolamellar bone tissue

Klein

Foth

Schoch

2017

Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology

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Bone Histology of the Stegosaur Kentrosaurus aethiopicus (Ornithischia: Thyreophora) from the Upper Jurassic of Tanzania

Redelstorff

Hübner

Chinsamy

et al. 2013

The Anatomical Record

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Using bone histology, a slow growth rate, uncommon for most dinosaurs, has been interpreted for the highly derived stegosaur Stegosaurus (Ornithischia: Thyreophora) and the basal thyreophoran Scutellosaurus. In this study, we examine whether this slow growth rate also occurs in the more basal stegosaur Kentrosaurus from the Tendaguru beds of Tanzania. The bone histology of six femora of Kentrosaurus representing an ontogenetic series from subadult to adult was studied, as well as one scapula. The primary bone is mainly highly vascularized fibro-lamellar bone with some reticular organization of the vascular canals. In addition to LAGs and annuli, distinctive shifts in the pattern of vascularization occur, which have been interpreted as potential growth marks. The variation in the development of growth marks may reflect annual climatic fluctuations. The overall bone depositional rate, and hence growth rate in Kentrosaurus appears to be higher than in Stegosaurus and Scutellosaurus. Considering that Stegosaurus is the larger-sized of the two stegosaurs, this would be contrary to an earlier supposition that small-bodied dinosaurs have slower growth rates than larger ones. Our finding of rapid rates of bone deposition in Kentrosaurus suggests that slow growth rates previously reported in Scutellosaurus and Stegosaurus are not a phylogenetic characteristic of the Thyreophora. Thus, slow growth rates are not plesiomorphic for the Thyreophora. We propose that the slow growth rates documented in the highly derived Stegosaurus could have been secondarily derived or alternatively that Kentrosaurus is the exception having increased growth rates. Anat Rec, 296:933-952, 2013

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Bone Microstructure of the Stereospondyl Lydekkerina Huxleyi Reveals Adaptive Strategies to the Harsh Post Permian‐Extinction Environment

Canoville

Chinsamy

2015

The Anatomical Record

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The small-bodied stereospondyl Lydekkerina huxleyi, dominated the amphibian fauna of the South African Lower Triassic. Even though the anatomy of this amphibian has been well described, its growth strategies and lifestyle habits have remained controversial. Previous studies attributed the relative uniformity in skull sizes to a predominance of subadult and adult specimens recovered in the fossil record. Anatomical and taphonomic data suggested that the relatively small body-size of this genus, as compared to its Permo-Triassic relatives, could be linked to a shortened, rapid developmental period as an adaptation to maintain successful breeding populations under harsh environmental conditions. Moreover, Lydekkerina's habitat has been hypothesized to be either aquatic or mainly terrestrial. The current study, utilizes bone microstructure to reassess previous hypotheses pertaining to the biology and ecology of Lydekkerina. Various skeletal elements of different-sized specimens are analyzed to understand its growth dynamics, intraskeletal variability, and lifestyle adaptations. Bone histology revealed that our sample comprises individuals at different ontogenetic stages i.e., juveniles to mature individuals. Our results show that these amphibians, despite exhibiting plasticity in growth, experienced an overall faster growth during early ontogeny (thereby attaining sexual maturity sooner), as compared to most other temnospondyls. The microanatomy of the long bones with their thick bone walls and distinctive medullary cavity suggests that Lydekkerina may have been amphibious with a tendency to be more terrestrial. Our study concludes that Lydekkerina employed a peculiar growth strategy and lifestyle adaptations, which enabled it to endure the harsh, dry conditions of the Early Triassic. Anat Rec, 298:1237Rec, 298: -1254Rec, 298: , 2015. V C 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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Osteohistology of the Triassic archosauromorphsProlacerta,Proterosuchus,Euparkeria, andErythrosuchusfrom the Karoo Basin of South Africa

Cited by 74 publications

References 71 publications

Preliminary observations on the bone histology of the Middle Triassic pseudosuchian archosaurBatrachotomus kupferzellensisreveal fast growth with laminar fibrolamellar bone tissue

Preliminary observations on the bone histology of the Middle Triassic pseudosuchian archosaurBatrachotomus kupferzellensisreveal fast growth with laminar fibrolamellar bone tissue

Bone Histology of the Stegosaur Kentrosaurus aethiopicus (Ornithischia: Thyreophora) from the Upper Jurassic of Tanzania

Bone Microstructure of the Stereospondyl Lydekkerina Huxleyi Reveals Adaptive Strategies to the Harsh Post Permian‐Extinction Environment

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