Osteogenesis and Antibacterial Activity of Graphene Oxide and Dexamethasone Coatings on Porous Polyetheretherketone via Polydopamine-Assisted Chemistry

Abstract

Endowing implants with antibacterial ability and osteogenic ability plays important roles in preventing post-operative bacterial contamination and facilitating integration between implants and osseous tissue, consequently reducing implant failure rates. In this study, we develop a facile and versatile strategy with dopamine as an auxiliary for construction of dexamethasone (Dex)/liposome porous coatings. In detail, the surfaces of sulfonated polyetheretherketone (SP) plates are coated with polydopamine firstly and then modified with graphene oxide (GO) and dexamethasone (Dex)-loaded liposome, which is verified by contact angle, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), attenuated total reflection infrared (ATR), and Raman spectra. The results of our study suggest that the GO and Dex are successfully coated on the samples' surfaces. In vitro cell attachment, growth, differentiation, and apatite deposition tests all illustrate that the substrate coated with GO and Dex can significantly accelerate the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3 cells compared with the pristine sulfonated polyetheretherketone (PEEK). Additionally, it exhibits acceptable antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus in vitro. Altogether, our results demonstrate that the modified GOand Dex-loaded substrates are endowed with impressive biocompatibility and certain antibacterial qualities, making it possible for future application as a perspective implant material.

Enhanced Effect of Polyethyleneimine-Modified Graphene Oxide and Simvastatin on Osteogenic Differentiation of Murine Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells

“…The drugs include bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), alendronate, dexamethasone, etc. All of the drugs showed that GO plays a synergistic role in bone differentiation [ 19 , 20 , 21 ]. In this study, simvastatin (Sim), a new drug candidate in the bone regeneration field, was combined with GO to produce a compound that may be effective for bone regeneration.…”

Strategies to Reduce Biofilm Formation in PEEK Materials Applied to Implant Dentistry—A Comprehensive Review

“…Strategies are summarized and illustrated at Figure 2 and are listed as follows: PEEK sulfonation process, which can be employed either to produce a 3D network on polymer surface [ 39 ], or to embed therapeutic compounds (e.g., lactams [ 45 , 46 ], mouse beta-defensin [ 59 ]). Further surface treatments were also employed after the sulfonation process, such as chlorogenic acid/grafting peptide [ 43 ], graphene oxide coating [ 61 ] and hydrothermal treatment [ 48 ]. Incorporation of therapeutic and/or bioactive agents in the PEEK matrix or on the PEEK surface, such as simvastatin-PLLA [ 39 ]; Ag and Zn ions [ 37 , 39 , 40 , 58 ], dexamethasone plus minocycline-loaded liposomes [ 57 ], bioactive titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) [ 52 ], 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine [ 51 ] and titanium plasma [ 56 ].…”

“…PEEK sulfonation process, which can be employed either to produce a 3D network on polymer surface [ 39 ], or to embed therapeutic compounds (e.g., lactams [ 45 , 46 ], mouse beta-defensin [ 59 ]). Further surface treatments were also employed after the sulfonation process, such as chlorogenic acid/grafting peptide [ 43 ], graphene oxide coating [ 61 ] and hydrothermal treatment [ 48 ].…”

Hierarchical ZnO Nanotube/Graphene Oxide Nanostructures Endow Pure Zn Implant with Synergistic Bactericidal Activity and Osteogenicity

“…In addition, they also indicate that this antibacterial effect is related to the charge transfer between GO and bacterial cells. 27,28 Therefore, GO has been deeply researched and applied in the fields of biomaterials and biomedicine, such as biosensors, drug delivery, nanoprobes, and tissue engineering scaffold. 29−32 However, to the best of our knowledge, the use of SF and GO composite as surface interfacial layers to modify the Zn sheets is never reported in the literature.…”