Ossicle change in <i>Holothuria scabra</i> with a discussion of ossicle evolution within the Holothuriidae (Echinodermata)

Massin, Claude; Mercier, Annie; Hamel, Jean‐François

doi:10.1046/j.1463-6395.2000.00039.x

Cited by 25 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…In Holothuroidea, ossicles occur in the tentacles, podia and body wall; they can be shaped like rods, tables or anchors [38], and they are generally small (i.e. 20 -145 mm in Leptosynapta clarki [22] and 35 -250 mm in Holothuria scabra [38]). However, the focal species, P. fabricii, exhibits permanent imbricated scale-like ossicles (i.e.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age determination in echinoderms: first evidence of annual growth rings in holothuroids

Sun

Hamel²,

Gianasi

et al. 2019

Proc. R. Soc. B.

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While age is fundamental in animal biology, forming the basis of critical concepts such as life-history strategies, longevity and population structures, measuring this variable in some taxa remains problematic. Such is the case of holothuroid echinoderms, which play key roles in marine benthic communities from the shore to the abyss, and which are extensively fished in many regions across the globe. Here, we present and validate a promising ageing technique using the cold-water species Psolus fabricii . The method involves the extraction of the oldest dermal plates (largest dorsal ossicles) to preserve their original pigments and structure. While plates initially appear to have a uniform texture, polishing and dying them reveals layered ring patterns. A study of laboratory-reared juveniles, from settlement to 40 months of age, confirmed that one layer is added annually, making plates both larger and thicker, and generating successive light and dark rings, the latter representing the transition (overlap) between two layers. Therefore, each pair of rings represents an annual growth band. Size-at-age data obtained using this method revealed that growth of P. fabricii is slow and that wild individuals collected at diving depths had reached an age of several decades.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age determination in echinoderms: first evidence of annual growth rings in holothuroids

Sun

Hamel²,

Gianasi

et al. 2019

Proc. R. Soc. B.

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“…virgulasolida shows an evolution of its ossicle assemblages with size, as observed in many other sea cucumbers (see among others Massin 1994;Massin et al 2000). The appearance of club-shaped ossicles in large specimens could be interpreted as a discriminant character to erect a new species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 60%

A new species of deep-water Holothuroidea (Echinodermata) of the genus <i>Synallactes</i> from off western Mexico

Massin¹,

Hendrickx²

2010

Sci. Mar.

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SUMMARY: An undescribed species of Synallactes was collected during a deep-water benthic fauna survey off the Pacific coast of Mexico in the East Pacific, with the R/V El Puma. This new species differs from all the other known Synallactes by the presence of huge massive rods in the tube feet, some of them club-shaped. The later ossicle shape is unique among Holothuroidea. This is the first record of a Synallactes in the Gulf of California.

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“…Viewed terminally, the tips of the ossicles are perforated by a network of holes (figure 2d), interlaced with a net-like matrix (figure 2d, arrows). Internally, the ossicles are solid (figure 2e,f ), similar to the narrow spicules of pluteus larvae [19] or small ossicles of holothuroid adults [20].…”

Section: Results (A) Ossicle Location Morphology and Cellular Environmentmentioning

confidence: 82%

Biomineral ultrastructure, elemental constitution and genomic analysis of biomineralization-related proteins in hemichordates

Cameron

Bishop

2012

Proc. R. Soc. B.

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Here, we report the discovery and characterization of biominerals in the acorn worms Saccoglossus bromophenolosus and Ptychodera flava galapagos (Phylum: Hemichordata). Using electron microscopy, X-ray microprobe analyses and confocal Raman spectroscopy, we show that hemichordate biominerals are small CaCO 3 aragonitic elements restricted to specialized epidermal structures, and in S. bromophenolosus, are apparently secreted by sclerocytes. Investigation of urchin biomineralizing proteins in the translated genome and expressed sequence tag (EST) libraries of Saccoglossus kowalevskii indicates that three members of the urchin MSP-130 family, a carbonic anhydrase and a matrix metaloprotease are present and transcribed during the development of S. kowalevskii. The SM family of proteins is absent from the hemichordate genome. These results increase the number of phyla known to biomineralize and suggest that some of the gene-regulatory 'toolkit', if not mineralized tissue themselves, may have been present in the common ancestor to hemichordates and echinoderms.

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Ossicle change in Holothuria scabra with a discussion of ossicle evolution within the Holothuriidae (Echinodermata)

Cited by 25 publications

References 11 publications

Age determination in echinoderms: first evidence of annual growth rings in holothuroids

Age determination in echinoderms: first evidence of annual growth rings in holothuroids

A new species of deep-water Holothuroidea (Echinodermata) of the genus <i>Synallactes</i> from off western Mexico

Biomineral ultrastructure, elemental constitution and genomic analysis of biomineralization-related proteins in hemichordates

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