Osmotic dilution stimulates axonal outgrowth by making axons more sensitive to tension

Lin, Chingju; Lamoureux, Phillip; Buxbaum, Robert E.; Heidemann, Steven R.

doi:10.1016/0021-9290(95)00091-7

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…101 By using the same technique, another study shows that the axon growth speed further increased after hypoosmotic treatment. 102 These results suggest that the increase in membrane tension could be a signal for axonal extension, and we would like to propose a stimulatory effect of membrane tension on exocytosis in the growth cone. It could also be hypothesized that when the growth cone encounters a target and forms a synapse, then PM tension could be lowered thus preventing further extension.…”

Section: Cell Tension and Polaritymentioning

confidence: 76%

“…Interestingly, in a study using calibrated glass needles to exert a constant force on elongating axons of cultured sensory neurons, the authors show that axon growth speed increased when tether force increased . By using the same technique, another study shows that the axon growth speed further increased after hypoosmotic treatment . These results suggest that the increase in membrane tension could be a signal for axonal extension, and we would like to propose a stimulatory effect of membrane tension on exocytosis in the growth cone.…”

Section: Cell Tension and Polaritymentioning

confidence: 85%

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Reciprocal link between cell biomechanics and exocytosis

Wang

Galli

2018

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A cell is able to sense the biomechanical properties of the environment such as the rigidity of the extracellular matrix and adapt its tension via regulation of plasma membrane and underlying actomyosin meshwork properties. The cell's ability to adapt to the changing biomechanical environment is important for cellular homeostasis and also cell dynamics such as cell growth and motility. Membrane trafficking has emerged as an important mechanism to regulate cell biomechanics. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the role of cell mechanics in exocytosis, and reciprocally, the role of exocytosis in regulating cell mechanics. We also discuss how cell mechanics and membrane trafficking, particularly exocytosis, can work together to regulate cell polarity and motility.

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Section: Cell Tension and Polaritymentioning

confidence: 76%

Section: Cell Tension and Polaritymentioning

confidence: 85%

Reciprocal link between cell biomechanics and exocytosis

Wang

Galli

2018

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“…Neurons are differentiated via morphogenetic changes in response to mechanical tension, which is a potent stimulator of neurite growth, and it has been shown that osmotic dilution in culture medium promotes neurite growth by making axons more sensitive to tension (54). Furthermore, osmotic pressure change is known to regulate cell surface area and volume adjustments via F-actin dynamics (55).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Axonal Neuropathy-associated TRPV4 Regulates Neurotrophic Factor-derived Axonal Growth

Jang

Jung

Kim

et al. 2012

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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Background:Because genetic linkage studies identified mutations in TRPV4 in patients with peripheral neuropathies, the function of TRPV4 in peripheral neurons is questioned. Results: TRPV4 was found to promote neurotrophic factor-driven neuritogenesis. Conclusion: TRPV4 mediates neurotrophic factor-driven neuritogenesis in peripheral neurons. Significance: This explains molecular mechanisms underlying neuritogenesis and maintenance of peripheral nerves.

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“…The status of cortical actin in osmotically swollen cells is disputed (swelling-induced F-actin disorganization may represent depolymerization and/or disorganization of filaments). Reduced bilayer-F-actin interactions would lower membrane tension estimates but the ability of swollen Lymnaea neurons to actively writhe (Wan et al, 1995) suggests that they retain cortical F-actin (also see Lin et al, 1995).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In vivo, neurons seldom experience such insults, but surface area regulation would be required after secretion (Fujimoto and Ogawa, 1989) and growth-related changes. Neurite tension regulates outgrowth, and anisosmotic media can mimic effects of tension (Bray et al, 1991;Heidemann and Buxbaum, 1994;Lin et al, 1995).…”

Section: Abstract: Surface Area; Mechanosensitive; Cell Volume; Baptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Membrane Tension in Swelling and Shrinking Molluscan Neurons

Dai

Sheetz

Morris³

1998

J. Neurosci.

216

221

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When neurons undergo dramatic shape and volume changes, how is surface area adjusted appropriately? The membrane tension hypothesis-namely that high tensions favor recruitment of membrane to the surface whereas low tensions favor retrieval-provides a simple conceptual framework for surface area homeostasis. With membrane tension and area in a feedback loop, tension extremes may be averted even during excessive mechanical load variations. We tested this by measuring apparent membrane tension of swelling and shrinking Lymnaea neurons. With hypotonic medium (50%), tension that was calculated from membrane tether forces increased from 0.04 to as much as 0.4 mN/m, although at steady state, swollen-cell tension (0. 12 mN/m) exceeded controls only threefold. On reshrinking in isotonic medium, tension reduced to 0.02 mN/m, and at the substratum, membrane invaginated, creating transient vacuole-like dilations. Swelling increased membrane tension with or without BAPTA chelating cytoplasmic Ca2+, but with BAPTA, unmeasurably large (although not lytic) tension surges occurred in approximately two-thirds of neurons. Furthermore, in unarborized neurons voltage-clamped by perforated-patch in 50% medium, membrane capacitance increased 8%, which is indicative of increasing membrane area. The relatively damped swelling-tension responses of Lymnaea neurons (no BAPTA) were consistent with feedback regulation. BAPTA did not alter resting membrane tension, but the large surges during swelling of BAPTA-loaded neurons demonstrated that 50% medium was inherently treacherous and that tension regulation was impaired by subnormal cytoplasmic [Ca2+]. However, neurons did survive tension surges in the absence of Ca2+ signaling. The mechanism to avoid high-tension rupture may be the direct tension-driven recruitment of membrane stores.

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Osmotic dilution stimulates axonal outgrowth by making axons more sensitive to tension

Cited by 12 publications

References 24 publications

Reciprocal link between cell biomechanics and exocytosis

Reciprocal link between cell biomechanics and exocytosis

Axonal Neuropathy-associated TRPV4 Regulates Neurotrophic Factor-derived Axonal Growth

Membrane Tension in Swelling and Shrinking Molluscan Neurons

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