Orthoses in Conservative Management of Cerebral Palsy and Rehabilitation

Abstract

Cerebral palsy is the developmental and postural disorder that combines a group of conditions/disease (neuromuscular), occurs in the developing fetal or infant brain, affects movement and intelligence that are ascribed to non-progressive disturbances. Orthotics is the branch of modern health science and rehabilitation that deals with assessment, prescription, fabrication, fitment, and purposeful gait training to the individual who needs orthosis for optimal independence. Orthoses are external devices that applied to increase function, prevent contracture and deformity, maintain the limbs in a functional position, stabilize the segments of the body, support the weak muscle and its functions, increase motor control, reduce spasticity, protect the limbs, and body segments in the postoperative condition.

Magnetoelectric Functionality of Ni–Mn–In-Encapsulated AlN/Ni–Mn–In/Ni-Graded Heterostructure for Flexible Magnetic Field Sensor

“…The cantilever deflections were measured using the laser Doppler vibrometer (LDV). 16,22 Insets [Figure 3f] depict the upward and downward deflections about the equilibrium position of the cantilevers by applying the external magnetic field parallel and perpendicular to the length of the cantilever, respectively. The variation of λ versus H is plotted in Figure 3f, and a significantly large value of λ ∼ 1200 ppm was obtained at Understanding the effect of piezoelectric and magnetostrictive layer thickness is essential to obtain the optimal magnetodielectric and magnetoelectric coupling in the 2−2 phase-connected ME heterostructure.…”

“…The ferromagnetic shape memory alloys (FSMA, Ni−Mn−In) possess giant magnetostrictive strain than conventional ferromagnetic materials and can be promising for magnetoelectric devices. 16,17,21,22 It undergoes first-order martensite transformation near room temperature, providing large strain during the austenite-to-martensite structural phase transition. FSMA is a special material that exhibits both magnetic field and temperature-dependent strain.…”

Enhanced Synaptic Characteristics under Applied Magnetic Field in V2O5/NiMnIn-Based Switching Device for Neuromorphic Computing

“…In our previous reports, ferromagnetic shape memory alloys (FSMAs, i.e., NiMnIn) have been incorporated as a bottom electrode to alter the switching characteristics. 16,30,44,45 The effect of the magnetic field and temperature-induced strain in the magnetostrictive FSMA layer have not been explored on the neuromorphic characteristics. The researchers are exploring various flexible substrates for wearable appliances as per the ongoing demand of the modern electronic industries.…”

Orthoses in Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation Management and Improving Quality of Life

“…Orthoses are medical devices that are applied externally to prevent contracture, increase function, maintain the functional position of a body segment, stabilize the body, and assist weak muscle, and its function/application results in increased motor control and balanced gait. It is also applied to preserve the results of surgical procedures for successful rehabilitation and prevent reoccurrences [13]. Early rehabilitation is important to restrict the loss of muscle strength and joint contracture and maintain bone density to secure normal functioning, and orthotists play an important role in an interdisciplinary rehabilitation team [4].…”