Orofacial injuries in child family homicide: a population study

Sarkar, Reena; Bassed, Richard; Dipnall, Joanna F.; Ozanne‐Smith, Joan

doi:10.1007/s12024-021-00402-z

Cited by 6 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…All of the 17 primary studies presented an observational study design and were conducted in four different settings: hospitals, 9,16,[34][35][36][37][38][39][40] the Institute of Forensic Medicine, [41][42][43][44][45][46] police records, 13 and social services. 47,48 Three out of the six studies conducted in the Institutes of Forensic Medicine were performed on cadavers and included cases of homicides.…”

Section: Characteristics Of the Included Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…47,48 Three out of the six studies conducted in the Institutes of Forensic Medicine were performed on cadavers and included cases of homicides. [44][45][46] The majority of the included studies were indirect and assessed prevalence data through retrospective analysis of records available in institutional databases. 9,13,16,34,[36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44]46 Two studies evaluated source data in post-mortem photographs and computed tomography (PMCT) imaging, 45,46 and the other two studies performed direct clinical examinations of DV victims.…”

Section: Characteristics Of the Included Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of dental, oral, and maxillofacial traumatic injuries among domestic violence victims: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

de Souza Cantão,

da Silva Lima,

Fernandes

et al. 2024

Dental Traumatology

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Background/AimsDomestic violence (DV) encompasses a series of abusive behaviors, perpetrated in a family environment, against individuals of all ages and genders. Injuries to the head, neck, and face are frequent findings among victims of abuse, negatively impacting their quality of life. Although oral and maxillofacial injuries (OMFI) and traumatic dental injuries (TDI) are commonly diagnosed among DV victims, their prevalence is still unknown. This systematic review was aimed to assess the prevalence of OMFI and TDI among victims of DV.MethodsThe protocol of the review was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023424235). Literature searches were performed in eight electronic databases, up to August 7th, 2023. Observational studies published in the Latin‐roman alphabet and reporting the prevalence of OMFI and/or TDI were included. The Joanna Briggs Institute's critical appraisal tool, checklist for prevalence studies, was used for quality assessment. Results were presented as qualitative and quantitative syntheses.ResultsSeventeen studies, totaling 12,375 victims of domestic violence, were included. Meta‐analyses showed an overall prevalence of 29% (95% CI: 15%–48%, I2 = 99%) and 4% (95% CI: 1%–10%, I2 = 98%) for OMFI and TDI, respectively. Higher pooled prevalence for OMFI (41%, 95% CI: 13%–46%, I2 = 99%) was demonstrated in samples with only women. OMFI was less prevalent (20%) among DV victims under 18, while TDI was lower among adults (1%). Hospital samples presented higher pooled prevalence of OMFI (32%), and forensic data from fatal victims presented higher prevalence of TDI (8%).ConclusionThe overall prevalence of OMFI and TDI in DV victims was 29% and 4%, respectively. Women victims of DV presented higher rates of OFMI (41%) and TDI (6%).

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Section: Characteristics Of the Included Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Characteristics Of the Included Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of dental, oral, and maxillofacial traumatic injuries among domestic violence victims: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

de Souza Cantão,

da Silva Lima,

Fernandes

et al. 2024

Dental Traumatology

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“…The "other" FVH category included victim-offender relationship as: (1) parent child, (2) familial; (3) relationship rival and (4) family like relationships identified by manual searches among categories of informal caregivers/friends/acquaintances. Further details of relationship inclusion criteria are available elsewhere (Sarkar et al, 2020a(Sarkar et al, , 2020b(Sarkar et al, , 2021. The exposure was physical FV and the primary outcome was homicide.…”

Section: Study Design Settings Databases and Case Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The NCIS is an online repository of deaths reported to Coroners in Australia and New Zealand (National Coronial Information System, 2021a). Given the wide use of NCIS data in Australian FVH research (Cassell et al, 2011;Gannoni and Cussen, 2014;Sarkar et al, 2020bSarkar et al, , 2021Voce and Bricknell, 2020), determining the reliability of FVH trends data is of considerable importance. The Coroners Court of Victoria (CCoV) independently investigates external cause and other unexpected deaths in the State and provides recommendations that may reduce preventable deaths and promote public health and safety and the administration of justice.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Family violence homicide rates: a state-wide comparison of three data sources in Victoria, Australia

Sarkar

Dipnall

Bassed

et al. 2021

HIM J

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Background Family violence homicide (FVH) is a major public health and social problem in Australia. FVH trend rates are key outcomes that determine the effectiveness of current management practices and policy directions. Data source–related methodological problems affect FVH research and policy and the reliable measurement of homicide trends. Objective This study aimed to determine data reliability and temporal trends of Victorian FVH rates and sex and relationship patterns. Method FVH rates per 100,000 persons in Victoria were compared between the National Coronial Information System (NCIS), Coroners Court of Victoria (CCoV) Homicide Register, and the National Homicide Monitoring Program (NHMP). Trends for 2001–2017 were analysed using Joinpoint regression. Crude rates were determined by sex and relationship categories using annual frequencies and Australian Bureau of Statistics population estimates. Results NCIS closed FVH cases totalled 360, and an apparent downward trend in the FVH rate was identified. However, CCoV and NHMP rates trended upwards. While NCIS and CCoV were case-based, NHMP was incident-based, contributing to rate variations. The NCIS-derived trend was particularly impacted by unavailable case data, potential coding errors and entry backlog. Neither CCoV nor NHMP provided victim-age in their public domain data to enable age-adjusted rate comparison. Conclusion Current datasets have limitations for FVH trend determination; most notably lag times for NCIS data. Implications This study identified an indicative upward trend in FVH rates in Victoria, suggesting insufficiency of current management and policy settings for its prevention and control.

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“…[20][21][22] Owusu et al 4 studied children with mandible fractures in the emergency setting, finding that falls were the most common injury mechanism in children aged under 12 years, though the proportion of infants and toddlers was not reported. Sarkar et al 23 found that orofacial fractures accounted for 11% of orofacial injuries in victims of fatal child abuse, but the proportion involving the mandible was not reported. Siegel et al 24 identified that 1 of 15 pediatric patients with mandible fractures had been the victim of abuse.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Accidental and Abusive Mandible Fractures in Infants and Toddlers

Koti

Vega²,

Johnson

et al. 2023

Pediatr Emer Care

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Objective: Mandible fractures are uncommon injuries in infants and young children and may raise concern for nonaccidental trauma. Our study describes several children with mandible fractures to identify features that might differentiate abuse from accident.Methods: Records and imaging were reviewed for children aged 24 months and younger who were diagnosed with mandible fractures at 2 tertiary pediatric care centers. Twenty-one cases were included, 8 of whom had formal child abuse consultations. Cases were reviewed for mechanisms of injury, physical examination findings, and occult injuries identified, as well as the final abuse determination.Results: Among children with child abuse consultations, 5 injuries (62.5%) were determined to be accidental, 1 (12.5%) was abusive, and 2 were indeterminate for abuse or accident (25%). In each accidentally injured child, the reported mechanism of injury was a short fall with evidence of facial impact. No accidentally injured child had unexpected occult injuries or noncraniofacial cutaneous injuries.Conclusions: Infants and young children can sometimes sustain mandible fractures accidentally after well-described short falls with evidence of facial impact. Abuse remains in the differential diagnosis, and children should be evaluated accordingly. We propose that accidental injury be considered when a well-evaluated child with an isolated mandible fracture has a history of a short fall.

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Orofacial injuries in child family homicide: a population study

Cited by 6 publications

References 37 publications

Prevalence of dental, oral, and maxillofacial traumatic injuries among domestic violence victims: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Prevalence of dental, oral, and maxillofacial traumatic injuries among domestic violence victims: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Family violence homicide rates: a state-wide comparison of three data sources in Victoria, Australia

Accidental and Abusive Mandible Fractures in Infants and Toddlers

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