Origins of Disparities in Cardiovascular Disease: Birth Weight, Body Mass Index, and Young Adult Systolic Blood Pressure in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health

Richardson, Lee; Hussey, Jon M.; Strutz, Kelly L.

doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2011.02.012

Cited by 19 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…[145][146][147] This finding might suggest that current BMI has a greater impact on blood pressure than does birth weight or prematurity, which could reflect the impact of rapid catch-up growth experienced as a result of being born small. 14 Postnatal catch-up growth is encouraged in LBW and premature infants in developing countries with the goal of improving resistance to infections and reducing stunting and ongoing malnutrition, which remain common in these regions.…”

Section: Obstruction Of the Developing Kidneymentioning

confidence: 98%

Birth weight, malnutrition and kidney-associated outcomes—a global concern

2015

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An adverse intrauterine environment is associated with an increased risk of elevated blood pressure and kidney disease in later life. Many studies have focused on low birth weight, prematurity and growth restriction as surrogate markers of an adverse intrauterine environment; however, high birth weight, exposure to maternal diabetes and rapid growth during early childhood are also emerging as developmental risk factors for chronic diseases. Altered programming of nephron number is an important link between exposure to developmental stressors and subsequent risk of hypertension and kidney disease. Maternal, fetal, and childhood nutrition are crucial contributors to these programming effects. Resource-poor countries experience the sequential burdens of fetal and childhood undernutrition and subsequent overnutrition, which synergistically act to augment the effects of developmental programming; this observation might explain in part the disproportionate burden of chronic disease in these regions. Numerous nutritional interventions have been effective in reducing the short-term risk of low birth weight and prematurity. Understanding the potential long-term benefits of such interventions is crucial to inform policy decisions to interrupt the developmental programming cycle and stem the growing epidemics of hypertension and kidney disease worldwide.

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Section: Obstruction Of the Developing Kidneymentioning

confidence: 98%

Birth weight, malnutrition and kidney-associated outcomes—a global concern

2015

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“…While the risk of hypertension increases dramatically with age, the incidence of hypertension is growing among younger populations [2]. Using measured systolic blood pressure, two recent studies using the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health data found that 12 % of U.S. young adults had systolic blood pressure >140 mm HG [3, 4]. Compared to the large body of work that has examined disparities related to the mental and sexual health of gay and bisexual men and women, little work has investigated physical health disparities among this population and addressing this gap in the literature was recently recognized as a Healthy People 2020 Objective [5, 6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in Hypertension by Sexual Orientation Among U.S. Young Adults

Everett

Mollborn

2013

J Community Health

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Using a nationally representative data set, this study provides the first estimates of differences in hypertension by sexual orientation using objective measures of systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Logistic regressions showed that there were no differences in hypertensive risk between mostly heterosexual/bisexual identified-respondents and heterosexual-identified respondents among both men and women. Gay men, however, are almost twice as likely (odds ratio = 1.92, p <.01) to be hypertensive compared to heterosexual men. The elevated risk is not explained by measures of minority stress, nor by cardiovascular disease risk factors such as smoking, alcohol use, drug use, BMI, or physical activity. No differences in hypertension risk by sexual orientation were detected among female respondents. The results suggest that gay men face an excess risk for hypertension compared to heterosexual men that is not explained by differences in measured health behaviors.

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“…, Richardson et al . ). Furthermore, the exact mechanism(s) that contribute to the sex difference in adult blood pressure following an insult during early life have not yet been fully elucidated.…”

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confidence: 97%

Sex differences in the developmental programming of hypertension

2013

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Experimental models of developmental programming provide proof of concept and support Barker’s original findings that link birth weight and blood pressure. Many experimental models of developmental insult demonstrate a sex difference with male offspring exhibiting a higher blood pressure in young adulthood relative to their age-matched female counterparts. It is well recognized that men exhibit a higher blood pressure relative to age-matched women prior to menopause. Yet, whether this sex difference is noted in individuals born with low birth weight is not clear. Sex differences in the developmental programming of blood pressure may originate from innate sex-specific differences in expression of the renin angiotensin system that occur in response to adverse influences during early life. Sex differences in the developmental programming of blood pressure may also involve the influence of the hormonal milieu on regulatory systems key to the long term control of blood pressure such as the renin angiotensin system in adulthood. In addition, the sex difference in blood pressure in offspring exposed to a developmental insult may involve innate sex differences in oxidative status or the endothelin system, or may be influenced by age-dependent changes in the developmental programming of cardiovascular risk factors such as adiposity. Therefore, this review will highlight findings from different experimental models to provide the current state of knowledge related to the mechanisms that contribute to the etiology of sex differences in the developmental programming of blood pressure and hypertension.

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Origins of Disparities in Cardiovascular Disease: Birth Weight, Body Mass Index, and Young Adult Systolic Blood Pressure in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health

Cited by 19 publications

References 50 publications

Birth weight, malnutrition and kidney-associated outcomes—a global concern

Birth weight, malnutrition and kidney-associated outcomes—a global concern

Differences in Hypertension by Sexual Orientation Among U.S. Young Adults

Sex differences in the developmental programming of hypertension

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