Origin of Potassium-rich Silica-deficient Igneous Rocks

Gupta, Alok K.

doi:10.1007/978-81-322-2083-1

Cited by 26 publications

(20 citation statements)

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“…However, alkali‐rich igneous rocks have been analyzed in several places in Gale Crater [ Sautter et al , , ; Schmidt et al , ; Stolper et al , ; L. Le Deit et al, submitted manuscript, 2015] and are known from the unique Martian meteorite NWA 7034 (and its pairs) [ Agee et al , ; Humayun et al , ; Santos et al , ; Wittmann et al , ]. Alkaline igneous rocks are relatively rare on Earth [e.g., Winter , ]—primitive alkaline magmas are generally thought to represent low‐degree partial melts of fertile, volatile‐bearing, peridotite [e.g., Wyllie , ; Hirose , ; Dasgupta et al , ; Gupta , ; Stolper et al , ] or the partial melting of the residues of such low‐degree melts that have crystallized in the lithosphere [e.g., Pilet et al , ]. More evolved alkaline magmas (of the types that could crystallize alkali‐feldspar) are generally thought to arise via factional crystallization [ Gupta , ; Stolper et al , ] at intermediate (crustal) pressures [ Nekvasil et al , ; Sautter et al , ].…”

Section: Interpretation and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Alkaline igneous rocks are relatively rare on Earth [e.g., Winter , ]—primitive alkaline magmas are generally thought to represent low‐degree partial melts of fertile, volatile‐bearing, peridotite [e.g., Wyllie , ; Hirose , ; Dasgupta et al , ; Gupta , ; Stolper et al , ] or the partial melting of the residues of such low‐degree melts that have crystallized in the lithosphere [e.g., Pilet et al , ]. More evolved alkaline magmas (of the types that could crystallize alkali‐feldspar) are generally thought to arise via factional crystallization [ Gupta , ; Stolper et al , ] at intermediate (crustal) pressures [ Nekvasil et al , ; Sautter et al , ]. Because the Windjana sample is the only potassic alkali‐rich rock on Mars to be analyzed for mineralogy (the mugearite rock Jake Matijevic [ Sautter et al , ; Stolper et al , ] was not analyzed by CheMin), it may provide crucial clues to the origins of these rocks in general and to the igneous geology of the Gale Crater region.…”

Section: Interpretation and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Under such extended cooling from high temperature, Al and Si in the potassium feldspar would have diffused to form ordered orthoclase or microcline. Potential sources of sanidine include potassic volcanic rocks [ Gupta , ] and some potassic metasomatic rocks [ Glazner , ].…”

Section: Interpretation and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mineralogy, provenance, and diagenesis of a potassic basaltic sandstone on Mars: CheMin X‐ray diffraction of the Windjana sample (Kimberley area, Gale Crater)

et al. 2016

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The Windjana drill sample, a sandstone of the Dillinger member (Kimberley formation, Gale Crater, Mars), was analyzed by CheMin X‐ray diffraction (XRD) in the MSL Curiosity rover. From Rietveld refinements of its XRD pattern, Windjana contains the following: sanidine (21% weight, ~Or95); augite (20%); magnetite (12%); pigeonite; olivine; plagioclase; amorphous and smectitic material (~25%); and percent levels of others including ilmenite, fluorapatite, and bassanite. From mass balance on the Alpha Proton X‐ray Spectrometer (APXS) chemical analysis, the amorphous material is Fe rich with nearly no other cations—like ferrihydrite. The Windjana sample shows little alteration and was likely cemented by its magnetite and ferrihydrite. From ChemCam Laser‐Induced Breakdown Spectrometer (LIBS) chemical analyses, Windjana is representative of the Dillinger and Mount Remarkable members of the Kimberley formation. LIBS data suggest that the Kimberley sediments include at least three chemical components. The most K‐rich targets have 5.6% K2O, ~1.8 times that of Windjana, implying a sediment component with >40% sanidine, e.g., a trachyte. A second component is rich in mafic minerals, with little feldspar (like a shergottite). A third component is richer in plagioclase and in Na2O, and is likely to be basaltic. The K‐rich sediment component is consistent with APXS and ChemCam observations of K‐rich rocks elsewhere in Gale Crater. The source of this sediment component was likely volcanic. The presence of sediment from many igneous sources, in concert with Curiosity's identifications of other igneous materials (e.g., mugearite), implies that the northern rim of Gale Crater exposes a diverse igneous complex, at least as diverse as that found in similar‐age terranes on Earth.

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Section: Interpretation and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Interpretation and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mineralogy, provenance, and diagenesis of a potassic basaltic sandstone on Mars: CheMin X‐ray diffraction of the Windjana sample (Kimberley area, Gale Crater)

et al. 2016

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“…Volatile‐rich, highly potassic magmatism is only associated with LIPs younger than ∼1 Ga [e.g., Rao and Lehmann , ] and, in general, few alkaline silica‐undersaturated rocks exist in the Precambrian rock record [e.g., Gupta , ]. Neither of these observations is adequately explained by poor preservation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Did phosphorus derived from the weathering of large igneous provinces fertilize the Neoproterozoic ocean?

Horton

2015

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

108

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Primary productivity and organic carbon burial rates in the Precambrian were highly sensitive to fluxes of phosphorus (P) from the weathering of continental crust. Large igneous provinces (LIPs)-containing substantial P and highly susceptible to chemical weathering-occurred regularly during the breakup of the Rodinia supercontinent, and flood basalts probably covered 3.7-7.4 3 10 6 km 2 at a time when a lowlatitude continental configuration expedited weathering. Assuming chemical weathering liberated much of the P contained in the flood basalts, an estimated 1-4 3 10 17 mol of biologically available P entered the ocean from LIPs between 900 and 500 Ma. Especially, voluminous LIP magmatism began at 850 Ma and culminated with the Franklin Province at 720 Ma, after which an estimated bioavailable P flux from flood basalts of 1-5 3 10 9 mol/yr may have been sustained for millions of years, elevating primary production and organic carbon burial rates. P enrichment of LIP magmas prior to eruption could have contributed to efficient reactive P delivery to the ocean: liquid-crystal fractionation beneath thick cratonic lithosphere and the incorporation of metasomatic P potentially enriched Neoproterozoic LIP magmas more than anytime previously. Thus, a unique convergence of tectonic conditions-supercontinent breakup, voluminous mafic volcanism containing abundant P, and a low-latitude continental configuration-may have facilitated an unprecedented flux of bioavailable P to the ocean that was capable of triggering oxidation of the oceanatmosphere system and enabling accelerated biologic diversification.

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“…Foley et al, 1987(in Gupta, 2015 (Figure 21a and b) and other Group III volcanics, which are characterized by distinctly negative spikes in Ba, Nb-Ta, Ti, and P, whereas Rb, Th, and K are strongly enriched (Wilson, 1989). Lamproites of Group I and Group II rocks show a very different pattern (Figure 21b; Wilson, 1989).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geochemical Signatures of Potassic to Sodic Adang Volcanics, Western Sulawesi: Implications for Their Tectonic Setting and Origin

Godang

Fadlin

Priadi

2016

Indonesian J. Geosci.

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-The Adang Volcanics represent a series of (ultra) potassic to sodic lavas and tuffaceous rocks of predominantly trachytic composition, which forms the part of a sequence of Late Cenozoic high-K volcanic and associated intrusive rocks occurring extensively throughout Western Sulawesi. The tectonic setting and origin of these high-K rocks have been the subject of considerable debates. The major rock forming minerals are leucite/pseudoleucite, diopside/aegirine, and high temperature phlogopite. Geochemical plots (major oxides and trace elements) using various diagrams suggest the Adang Volcanics formed in a postsubduction, within-plate continental extension/initial rift tectonic setting. It is further suggested magma was generated by minor (< 0.1 %) partial melting of depleted MORB mantle material (garnet-lherzolite) with the silicate melt having undergone strong metasomatism. Melt enrichment is reflected in the alkaline nature of the rocks and geochemical signatures such as Nb/Zr > 0.0627 and (Hf/Sm)PM > 1.23. A comparison with the Vulsini ultrapotassic volcanics from the Roman Province in Italy shows both similarities (spidergram pattern indicating affinity with Group III ultrapotassics volcanics) and differences (nature of mantle metasomatism).Keywords: Adang Volcanics, sodic and potassic/ultrapotassic, within-plate continental extension/initial rift, metasomatized silicate melts, leucite/pseudoleucite

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Origin of Potassium-rich Silica-deficient Igneous Rocks

Cited by 26 publications

References 1 publication

Mineralogy, provenance, and diagenesis of a potassic basaltic sandstone on Mars: CheMin X‐ray diffraction of the Windjana sample (Kimberley area, Gale Crater)

Mineralogy, provenance, and diagenesis of a potassic basaltic sandstone on Mars: CheMin X‐ray diffraction of the Windjana sample (Kimberley area, Gale Crater)

Did phosphorus derived from the weathering of large igneous provinces fertilize the Neoproterozoic ocean?

Geochemical Signatures of Potassic to Sodic Adang Volcanics, Western Sulawesi: Implications for Their Tectonic Setting and Origin

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