Origen de la calidad del agua del acuífero colgado y su relación con los cambios de uso de suelo en el Valle de San Luis Potosí

López-Álvarez, Briseida; Ramos-Leal, José Alfredo; Morán-Ramírez, Janete; Benavides, Antonio Cardona; García, Guillermo Hernández

doi:10.18268/bsgm2013v65n1a2

Cited by 11 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Growth of the urban area from 1959 to 2005, from satellite imagery (modified fromLopez-Alvarez et al, 2013) …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling of Groundwater Flow and Water Use for San Luis Potosí Valley Aquifer System

Álvarez¹,

Ramos-Leal²,

Pérez³

et al. 2014

JGG

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Land use changes are currently one of the indisputable factors in the alteration of processes and cycles of the aquifer system in the San Luis Potosí Valley. Due to its importance, is considered indispensable to investigate this detrimental factor of aquifers. The aim of this research is to use a numerical flow model to analyze the impact that land use changes have had on the aquifer. A finite differences numerical model was adapted to the size and hydrological properties of the aquifer system. It consisted of a regular grid with 30 columns and 34 rows with constant spacing of 1000 meters. It has two layers; the first includes the shallow aquifer and the second, the deep aquifer. The initial hydraulic head of the model corresponds to 1986 and was verified for 1995 and 2007. The model shows the development of a drawdown cone (central valley) extending toward the industrial area (southern valley). Piezometric water levels revealed a decrease of 0.6 to 1.6 meters annually during a period from 1977 to 2007. This work demonstrates that it is the consequence of land use changes and of the incessant overall decline in groundwater reserves. Based on the flow model, population growth projections and water use change, the calculated predictions indicate that by 2021, the total established volume of 136 Mm 3 /year for consume will be reached. The flow model of the San Luis Potosí Valley aquifer system shows a clear effect of the risks associated with aquifer mining.

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“…Growth of the urban area from 1959 to 2005, from satellite imagery (modified fromLopez-Alvarez et al, 2013) …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling of Groundwater Flow and Water Use for San Luis Potosí Valley Aquifer System

Álvarez¹,

Ramos-Leal²,

Pérez³

et al. 2014

JGG

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“…Oligocene volcanic rocks are ubiquitous in the study area covering the Mesozoic sedimentary sequences (Figure 2), including those that are fluorine-rich (with associated tin deposits in the Río Verde region [44]). Therefore, fluorine from volcanic and hypabyssal rocks in the Álvarez Range (and, for this matter, in the rest of the San Luis Potosí volcanic field) can be easily made available by natural means to groundwater, as attested in present-day groundwater in the southern part of the San Luis Potosí state [45][46][47], creating a region with endemic fluorosis [48,49]. The precipitation of fluorite under low temperatures from low salinity fluids agrees with thermodynamic models in which the solubility of fluorite decreases steadily under 100 • C [50].…”

Section: Sources For Mineralizing Fluids Their Evolution and Likelymentioning

confidence: 99%

Giant Fluorite Mineralization in Central Mexico by Means of Exceptionally Low Salinity Fluids: An Unusual Style among MVT Deposits

et al. 2019

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The origin of the mineralization at the world-class Las Cuevas (the largest single fluorite deposit in the world) has been historically disputed, essentially between skarn-related and Mississippi Valley Type (MVT) models. A systematic study of fluid inclusions in these deposits revealed that they were formed by low temperature (49 to 177 °C) and low salinity (0 to 1.9 wt % NaCl equiv) fluids. The obtained δ13C (between −2.39 and 0.20‰ VPDB) and δ18O (between −14.03 and −7.37‰ VPDB) data from local host limestones agreed with regionally representative values in the literature. The obtained δ13C (between −15.60 and −12.99‰ VPDB) and δ18O (between −5.56 and −1.84‰ VPDB) data from hydrothermal calcite associated with fluorite mineralization indicated that the isotopic composition of hydrothermal fluids initially reflected buffering by the host rocks, and then recorded the interaction between meteoric water and basinal brines. It is likely that such processes occurred with concurrent maturation of organic matter, and that the obtained compositions may also have recorded a thermal effect on the local limestones. Halogen geochemical studies in inclusion fluids showed a distribution that suggests that solutes in mineralizing fluids were due to scavenging of Na+ and Cl− through water–rock interaction or halite dissolution, and that secondary sources would have been the evaporation or infiltration of seawater. The basinal brines with which the formation of these deposits was associated were massively diluted by deeply evolved meteoric water, thus making a significant fluorine input by basinal brines unlikely. Fluorine would have been provided by local groundwater through its interaction with Oligocene topaz rhyolites and other F-rich volcanic and hypabyssal rocks. Such a possibility is supported by present-day groundwater, which presents a regional endemic case of fluorosis. The precipitation of fluorite is possible at low temperatures (at which the solubility of this mineral is very low) by means of chemical reactions and physical interactions among very diluted F-poor basinal brines, F-rich groundwater, and host carbonate rocks. The latter systematically experienced hydrothermal karstification, which would have provided Ca2+ for reaction with F− and resulted in the precipitation of fluorite. This scenario stands for a depositional model that recalls those proposed for MVT and associated industrial mineral deposits, but is distinct from common models with regard to the primal source for fluorine and the extremely low salinities of inclusion fluids.

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“…1). Its land use is classified into three areas: urban, agricultural, and industrial (López-Álvarez et al 2013). The study area occupies 4.6% of the area of the State of San Luis Potosi (INEGI 2009).…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Contrast of aquifer vulnerability and water quality indices between a unconfined aquifer and a deep aquifer in arid zones

Tovar

Ramos-Leal

Tuxpan

et al. 2020

Bull Eng Geol Environ

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The rapid population growth in urban areas stresses the underlying aquifers in both quantity and quality. The identification of aquifer vulnerability and quality characteristics help decision makers in managing groundwater resources and mitigating potential contamination pathways. For this purpose, the units composing complex aquifer systems should be evaluated separately due to their unique hydrogeological characteristics. In this study, two metrics were used to identify zones susceptible to groundwater pollution, these are the following: (1) aquifer vulnerability through DRASTIC; and (2) water quality using the water quality index (WQI) and the contamination index (C d ). These metrics were applied to a case study of an aquifer system in the Valley of San Luis Potosi (VSLP). The system consists of three units: (1) a unconfined aquifer; (2) a granular medium aquifer; and (3) a deep fractured aquifer. In this analysis, the granular medium and the deep fractured aquifer were grouped as one unit. Aquifer vulnerability in the unconfined aquifer has a high vulnerability in the urban area zone. Whereas, the middle-deep aquifer is classified as having a low to medium vulnerability. According to WQI and C d indices, the unconfined aquifer is highly polluted due to its proximity to the urban area. On the other hand, the middle-deep aquifer shows excellent groundwater quality. These results are consistent with the hypothesis of limited to no hydraulic connection between the middle-deep aquifer and the unconfined aquifer.

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Origen de la calidad del agua del acuífero colgado y su relación con los cambios de uso de suelo en el Valle de San Luis Potosí

Cited by 11 publications

References 8 publications

Modeling of Groundwater Flow and Water Use for San Luis Potosí Valley Aquifer System

Modeling of Groundwater Flow and Water Use for San Luis Potosí Valley Aquifer System

Giant Fluorite Mineralization in Central Mexico by Means of Exceptionally Low Salinity Fluids: An Unusual Style among MVT Deposits

Contrast of aquifer vulnerability and water quality indices between a unconfined aquifer and a deep aquifer in arid zones

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