Organotin speciation in environmental samples by capillary gas chromatography and pulsed flame photometric detection (PFPD)

Abstract

Pulsed flame photometric detection (PFPD) for gas chromatography was applied to organotin compounds as standards and in environmental samples. Ethylated organotin species (n‐propyl‐, n‐butyl‐ and phenyl‐) were extracted from spiked artificial seawater and from an environmental sample. Selectivity towards tin is shown in the analysis of highly polluted seawater samples from a commercial port where no significant interferences are found. The self‐cleaning capability and long‐term stability of PFPD is shown in this work during 140 days of continuous operation. The absolute limit of detection for this capillary GC–PFPD technique ranged from 0.2 to 0.4 pg (Sn) for tetraethyl‐ to tetraphenyl‐tin, allowing determination of sub‐nanogram/litre concentrations of organotin compounds. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Imposex in two sublittoral neogastropods from the Kattegat and Skagerrak: the common whelk Buccinum undatum and the red whelk Neptunea antiqua

“…Tripropyltin was added as internal standard. The organotin concentrations were determined by CGC-PFPD (capillary gas chromatography-pulsed flame photometric detection) (Jacobsen et al 1997). …”

Effects of tributyltin, linear alkylbenzenesulfonates, and nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) on nucleoid-containing bacteria

“…To test the addition of TBT, the ambient TBT concentrations in TBT1–TBT5 enclosures were measured on July 19. The method used was the pulsed flame photometric detector for capillary gas chromatography [28]. Actual TBT concentrations varied not more than 10% from nominal concentrations [data not shown].…”

Butyltin speciation in sediments from Todos os Santos Bay (Bahia, Brazil) by GC-PFPD

“…The adopted extraction methodology ( Figure 2) was modified from Abalos et al and Fernández-Escobar et al as appropriate to the sediments characteristics and to the detection by PFPD [17][18][19][20] . Two grams of sediment (dry mass) were transferred to a glass centrifuge tube.…”