Organization of cortico-cortical associative projections in rats exposed to ethanol during early postnatal life

Granato, Alberto; Rocco, Federico Di; Zumbo, Antonella; Toesca, Amelia; Giannetti, Stefano

doi:10.1016/s0361-9230(03)00052-2

Cited by 39 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Cells were filled with biocytin during recordings for morphological analysis of their dendritic trees. As already demonstrated for L2/3 pyramidal neurons (Granato et al, 2003), the basal dendrites of L5 pyramidal neurons had a shorter total length in Et neurons than in Co neurons (Co ϭ 4889.68 Ϯ 306.91 m; Et ϭ 4113.86 Ϯ 233.48 m; F (1,6) ϭ 5.87, p ϭ 0.052; n ϭ 9 Co, 17 Et neurons, from 3 and 5 animals, respectively). There was no significant difference in the total length of the apical tree between Et and Co neurons.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 72%

“…Early alcohol exposure leads to several alterations of cortical microcircuits involving the corticocortical associative connections (Granato et al, 2003), as well as the number, distribution, and molecular properties of GABAergic interneurons (Granato, 2006;Tavian et al, 2011). As a consequence, the cortical network activity could display striking alterations, which could in turn influence the expression, targeting, or modulation of ion channels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A small fan circulated the air inside the cage, where the temperature was kept at 22-24°C. This method of ethanol administration yields peak blood alcohol concentration ranging from 150 to 300 mg/dl (Granato et al, 2003;Granato, 2006). Control animals of matched age (Co group, three litters) were separated from the mothers for 3 h a day, omitting the ethanol inhalation procedure.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The cerebral cortex is one of the brain regions most affected by FASD, and its alterations account for most of the observed cognitive defects (Guerri et al, 2009). When exposed to alcohol, developing cortical neurons are subjected to an increased rate of apoptosis (Ikonomidou et al, 2000;Mooney and Miller, 2001) and the surviving cortical neurons undergo a permanent rearrangement of their morphology and connections (Miller et al, 1990;Granato et al, 2003). Although such a rewiring of the cortical network is likely to affect its functional features, little is known about how the electrophysiological behavior of cortical neurons is modified.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Early Exposure to Alcohol Leads to Permanent Impairment of Dendritic Excitability in Neocortical Pyramidal Neurons

Granato

Palmer²,

Giorgio³

et al. 2012

J. Neurosci.

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Exposure to alcohol in utero is a well known cause of mental retardation in humans. Using experimental models of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder, it has been demonstrated that cortical pyramidal neurons and their projections are profoundly and permanently impaired. Yet, how the functional features of these cells are modified and how such modifications impact cognitive processes is still unknown. To address this, we studied the intrinsic electrophysiological properties of pyramidal neurons in young adult rats (P30 -P60) exposed to ethanol inhalation during the first week of postnatal life (P2-P6). Dual whole-cell recordings from the soma and distal apical dendrites were performed and, following the injection of depolarizing current into the dendrites, layer 5 neurons from ethanol-treated (Et) animals displayed a lower number and a shorter duration of dendritic spikes, attributable to a downregulation of calcium electrogenesis. As a consequence, the mean number of action potentials recorded at the soma after dendritic current injection was also lower in Et animals. No significant differences between Et and controls were observed in the firing pattern elicited in layer 5 neurons by steps of depolarizing somatic current, even though the firing rate was significantly lower in Et animals. The firing pattern and the firing rate of layer 2/3 neurons were not affected by alcohol exposure.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 72%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Early Exposure to Alcohol Leads to Permanent Impairment of Dendritic Excitability in Neocortical Pyramidal Neurons

Granato

Palmer²,

Giorgio³

et al. 2012

J. Neurosci.

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“…However, few studies have shown immune impairment during the withdrawal period that follows interruption of long-term exposure. Therefore, we investigated the inflammatory response in rats during ethanol treatment and withdrawal using the inhalation route, which is known to be an efficient method to obtain a constant and high serum ethanol concentration (14) and which has been extensively used in recent ethanol studies with rodents (15)(16)(17). We also investigated the modulation of mast cell degranulation in this animal model.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term ethanol intoxication reduces inflammatory responses in rats

Carvalho

Brito

Pessoa

et al. 2005

Braz J Med Biol Res

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The anti-inflammatory effects of long-term ethanol intoxication were determined during ethanol treatment and withdrawal on the basis of neutrophil and eosinophil migration, hind paw edema and mast cell degranulation. Male Wistar rats (180-200 g, around 2 months of age) were exposed to increasing concentrations of ethanol vapor over a 10-day period. One group was evaluated immediately after exposure (treated group -intoxicated), and another was studied 7 h later (withdrawal group). Ethanol inhalation treatment significantly inhibited carrageenan-(62% for the intoxicated group, N = 5, and 35% for the withdrawal group, N = 6) and dextran-induced paw edema (32% for intoxicated rats and 26% for withdrawal rats, N = 5 per group). Ethanol inhalation significantly reduced carrageenan-induced neutrophil migration (95% for intoxicated rats and 41% for withdrawn rats, N = 6 per group) into a subcutaneous 6-day-old air pouch, and Sephadex-induced eosinophil migration to the rat peritoneal cavity (100% for intoxicated rats and 64% for withdrawn rats, N = 6 per group). A significant decrease of mast cell degranulation was also demonstrated (control, 82%; intoxicated, 49%; withdrawn, 51%, N = 6, 6 and 8, respectively). Total leukocyte and neutrophil counts in venous blood increased significantly during the 10 days of ethanol inhalation (leukocytes, 13, 27 and 40%; neutrophils, 42, 238 and 252%, respectively, on days 5, 9 and 10, N = 7, 6 and 6). The cell counts decreased during withdrawal, but were still significantly elevated (leukocytes, 10%; neutrophils, 246%, N = 6). These findings indicate that both the cellular and vascular components of the inflammatory response are compromised by long-term ethanol intoxication and remain reduced during the withdrawal period.

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The Claustrum of the Pig: An Immunohistochemical and a Quantitative Golgi Study

Pirone

Miragliotta

Cozzi

et al. 2019

The Anatomical Record

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Despite increasing interest in the claustrum (Cl) over the last decades, its function is still a puzzling problem. Among the experimental species of potential use in Cl research, the pig is considered an interesting model, because of the similarities of its brain with the corresponding cortical and subcortical human structures. The swine Cl presents a peculiar morphology, characterized by a wide posterior enlargement, ideal for physiological investigations. There is a wealth of data on general anatomy, cytoarchitecture, and chemo architecture of the Cl, but much less is known about the dendritic morphometry of its neurons. Dendritic length and branching pattern are key features to understand the organization of the microcircuitry, and thus the delineation of the structure-function relationships of the Cl. To this effect, we undertook (a) a quantitative study of the dendrites of the spiny neurons of the swine Cl, employing the Golgi staining; and (b) an immunohistochemical analysis to describe the distribution of the parvalbumin (PV)immunoreactive interneurons throughout the same nucleus. Taken together, the results that we report here show that the dendritic architecture and the distribution of the PV expressing interneurons change when the Cl of this species changes its shape along the rostro-caudal axis, thus suggesting a potentially specific function for the large posterior puddle. Anat Rec, 302:1638-

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Organization of cortico-cortical associative projections in rats exposed to ethanol during early postnatal life

Cited by 39 publications

References 29 publications

Early Exposure to Alcohol Leads to Permanent Impairment of Dendritic Excitability in Neocortical Pyramidal Neurons

Early Exposure to Alcohol Leads to Permanent Impairment of Dendritic Excitability in Neocortical Pyramidal Neurons

Long-term ethanol intoxication reduces inflammatory responses in rats

The Claustrum of the Pig: An Immunohistochemical and a Quantitative Golgi Study

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