Organic Solar Cells: A Review of Materials, Limitations, and Possibilities for Improvement

Abdulrazzaq, Omar A.; Saini, Viney; Bourdo, Shawn E.; Dervishi, Enkeleda; Biris, Alexandru S.

doi:10.1080/02726351.2013.769470

Cited by 164 publications

(98 citation statements)

References 112 publications

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“…[1][2][3] OSCs are economical, flexible, lightweight, and easy to fabricate especially on a large scale. [1][2][3] OSCs are economical, flexible, lightweight, and easy to fabricate especially on a large scale.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1][2][3] OSCs are economical, flexible, lightweight, and easy to fabricate especially on a large scale. 1 A considerable amount of research has been performed to overcome the difficulties associated with OSCs, e.g., finding an alternative to the most widely used hole transport layer (HTL): poly (3,4ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS). 1 A considerable amount of research has been performed to overcome the difficulties associated with OSCs, e.g., finding an alternative to the most widely used hole transport layer (HTL): poly (3,4ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tuning the work function of polyaniline via camphorsulfonic acid: an X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy investigation

et al. 2015

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In the present work, we present the first demonstration to tune the work function of polyaniline by controlling the concentration level of camphorsulfonic acid as a protonic acid dopant and m-cresol as a solvent. Optical, thermal, structural, and electronic properties, along with surface topography and elemental analysis of protonated polyaniline, were studied in detail to investigate the effect of camphorsulfonic acid on the work function of polyaniline. Results showed that an increase in camphorsulfonic acid content induces a gradual transformation in polyaniline structure from an emeraldine base to an emeraldine salt phase, which is associated with an increase in electrical conductivity and an improvement in crystallinity. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was used to evaluate the work function and to determine the elemental composition of the surface and several atomic layers beneath the surface. Results showed that raising camphorsulfonic acid content from quarter protonated to fully protonated leads to an increase in the work function of polyaniline from 4.42 ±0.14 eV to 4.78 ±0.13 eV, respectively.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tuning the work function of polyaniline via camphorsulfonic acid: an X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy investigation

et al. 2015

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“…The photoactive material may be a large organic molecule, such as a fullerene, or a polymer, or a combination, although polymer types have dominated developments [6]. These have required advanced polymer chemistry and highly dependable hermetic encapsulation to avoid rapid degradation in air or sunlight [7].…”

Section: The Photovoltaic Effect and Its Realizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication of Photovoltaic Textiles

Mather

Wilson

2017

Coatings

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Solar photovoltaic (PV) arrays are providing an increasing fraction of global electrical demand, with an accelerating rate of new installations. Most of these employ conventional glass-fronted panels, but this type of PV array does not satisfy applications that require a light-weight, flexible PV generator. An option discussed in this article is to consider textiles for such solar cell substrates. As explained in this review, combining the choice of PV cell type with the choice of textile offers alternative structures for flexible PV cells. In particular, the relative advantages and disadvantages are contrasted, either forming PV-coated fibres into a fabric, or coating an already formed fabric with the PV materials. It is shown that combining thin-film amorphous silicon PV technology and woven polyester fabric offers one solution to realizing flexible fabric PV cells, using well-understood coating methods from the textile and semiconductor industries. Finally a few applications are presented that are addressed by this approach.

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“…Carbon nanotubes are dispersed in a solution of donor polymer before being spin‐coated on the substrate. The substrate is usually a transparent electrode consisting of a transparent conductive oxide of which ITO is an example . Firstly, a hole conducting layer of poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxylthiophine) : poly(styrenesulfonate) is deposited, which helps in selective hole injection to the ITO electrode as illustrated in Figure .…”

Section: Incorporation Of Carbon Nanotubes In Organic Solar Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review on carbon nanotube/polymer composites for organic solar cells

Keru

Ndungu

Nyamori

2014

Int. J. Energy Res.

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SUMMARY Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have unique properties, such as their electrical conductivity, that enable them to be combined with conducting polymers to form composites for use in organic solar cells (OSCs). It is envisaged that the improved composite has a higher efficiency of green energy and will reduce the cost of these cells. The use of such alternative energy sources also drastically reduces overuse of fossil fuels and consequently limits environmental degradation. This review compares research and performance between conventional silicon solar cells and OSCs. It also discusses OSC photoexcitation and charge carrier generation with the incorporation of CNTs, physicochemical properties of the composites and other factors that affect the efficiencies of OSCs. In addition, properties of CNTs that favour their dispersion in polymer matrices as acceptors and charge carriers to the electrodes are covered. The effects of CNTs containing dopants, such as nitrogen and boron, on charge transfer are discussed. Also, the fabrication techniques of OSCs that include CNT/polymer composite processing and the methods of film deposition on the substrate are described. Finally, the case studies of OSCs containing polymers with single‐walled CNTs, double‐walled CNTs or multi‐walled CNTs are evaluated. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Organic Solar Cells: A Review of Materials, Limitations, and Possibilities for Improvement

Cited by 164 publications

References 112 publications

Tuning the work function of polyaniline via camphorsulfonic acid: an X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy investigation

Tuning the work function of polyaniline via camphorsulfonic acid: an X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy investigation

Fabrication of Photovoltaic Textiles

A review on carbon nanotube/polymer composites for organic solar cells

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