Organic photovoltaic greenhouses: a unique application for semi-transparent PV?

Emmott, Christopher J. M.; Röhr, Jason A.; Campoy‐Quiles, Mariano; Kirchartz, Thomas; Urbina, Antonio; Ekins-Daukes, N. J.; Nelson, Jenny

doi:10.1039/c4ee03132f

Cited by 244 publications

(154 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Specifi cally, different volume ratios of Au NRs (0%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2% (v/v)) were incorporated in the TiO x ETL. The lower enhancement in the case of PTB7 compared to PCDTBT based devices is attributed to the fact that PTB7:PC 71 BM photoactive blend has higher extinction coeffi cient compared to PCDTBT:PC 71 BM, [ 31 ] and as a result absorbs more incident photons allowing less light to transmit and reach the Au NRs. The respective averaged photovoltaic characteristics are summarized in Table 1 .…”

Section: Optical and Electrical Characterization Of The Opv Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasmonic Backscattering Effect in High‐Efficient Organic Photovoltaic Devices

Kakavelakis

Vangelidis

Heuer‐Jungemann

et al. 2015

Advanced Energy Materials

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A universal strategy for efficient light trapping through the incorporation of gold nanorods on the electron transport layer (rear) of organic photovoltaic devices is demonstrated. Utilizing the photons that are transmitted through the active layer of a bulk heterojunction photovoltaic device and would otherwise be lost, a significant enhancement in power conversion efficiency (PCE) of poly[N‐9′‐heptadecanyl‐2,7‐carbazole‐alt‐5,5‐(4′,7′‐di‐2‐thienyl‐2′,1′,3′‐benzothiadiazole)]:phenyl‐C71‐butyric acid methyl ester (PCDTBT:PC71BM) and poly[[4,8‐bis[(2‐ethylhexyl)oxy]benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]dithiophene‐2,6‐diyl][3‐fluoro‐2‐[(2‐ethylhexyl)carbonyl]thieno[3,4‐b] thiophenediyl]] (PTB7):PC71BM by ≈13% and ≈8%, respectively. PCEs over 8% are reported for devices based on the PTB7:PC71BM blend. A comprehensive optical and electrical characterization of our devices to clarify the influence of gold nanorods on exciton generation, dissociation, charge recombination, and transport inside the thin film devices is performed. By correlating the experimental data with detailed numerical simulations, the near‐field and far‐field scattering effects are separated of gold nanorods (Au NRs), and confidently attribute part of the performance enhancement to the enhanced absorption caused by backscattering. While, a secondary contribution from the Au NRs that partially protrude inside the active layer and exhibit strong near‐fields due to localized surface plasmon resonance effects is also observed but is minor in magnitude. Furthermore, another important contribution to the enhanced performance is electrical in nature and comes from the increased charge collection probability.

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Section: Optical and Electrical Characterization Of The Opv Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasmonic Backscattering Effect in High‐Efficient Organic Photovoltaic Devices

Kakavelakis

Vangelidis

Heuer‐Jungemann

et al. 2015

Advanced Energy Materials

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“…[17,18] In tandem and ternary systems, PCEs reaching even up to 17.3% have been recently achieved. [21][22][23][24] To further improve the performance of OSCs, loss-processes such as nongeminate recombination, the recombination of electrons and holes which do not originate from the same exciton, have to be curtailed. [21][22][23][24] To further improve the performance of OSCs, loss-processes such as nongeminate recombination, the recombination of electrons and holes which do not originate from the same exciton, have to be curtailed.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying the Nongeminate Recombination Dynamics in Nonfullerene Bulk Heterojunction Organic Solar Cells

Vollbrecht

Брус

et al. 2019

Advanced Energy Materials

131

147

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the continued research has led to power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) over 11% for single-junction devices. [7,8] Be that as it may, difficulties in tuning the molecular structure and electronic properties, as well as the comparatively high cost of production of fullerene-based acceptors are drawbacks that have triggered the search for nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs) as an alternative. [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] Noteworthy improvements have been made over the last few years, and state-of-the-art NFA-OSCs have been reported with PCEs over 16 %, thus outperforming their fullerene-based counterparts. [17,18] In tandem and ternary systems, PCEs reaching even up to 17.3% have been recently achieved. [19,20] Additionally, the reduction in the bandgap of NFAs opens up the possibility to fabricate semitransparent OSCs that could be applied in building-integrated photovoltaics or power generating greenhouses. [21][22][23][24] To further improve the performance of OSCs, loss-processes such as nongeminate recombination, the recombination of electrons and holes which do not originate from the same exciton, have to be curtailed. This includes bimolecular recombination (also known as Langevin recombination), where charge carriers recombine directly from band to band, as well as trap-assisted recombination (also known as Shockley-Read-Hall recombination), where states deep in the bandgap act as efficient recombination centers. A detailed understanding of these mechanisms responsible for the aforementioned recombination losses is required. [25] Whether or not there are considerable differences in recombination dynamics between NFA-OSCs and fullerene-based OSCs, has yet to be understood since most research in regard to recombination dynamics was performed only with OSCs employing fullerene acceptors. [26][27][28] Furthermore, the majority of studies describe recombination dynamics based on a numerical, drift-diffusion model under the assumption of an effective-medium for the BHJ active layer. [29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38] The concentration of charge carriers is the key differential parameter in the theory of recombination dynamics. However, only integral parameters (electrical conductivity, impedance, open-circuit voltage, V OC ) can be directly measured by experiments. Therefore, the primary challenge of the theoretical background of any method developed to quantify recombination processes in photovoltaic devices is based on finding the appropriate relationship between the measured In this study, a comprehensive analytical model to quantify the total nongeminate recombination losses, originating from bimolecular as well as bulk and surface trap-assisted recombination mechanisms in nonfullerene-based bulk heterojunction organic solar cells is developed. This proposed model is successfully employed to obtain the different contributions to the recombination current of the investigated solar cells under different illumination intensities. Additionally, the model quantitatively describes the experimentally measured ope...

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“…The high work function of pristine PEDOT:PSS allows for efficient hole extraction from the photoactive layer, while modification of the second PEDOT:PSS with a conjugated polymer or polyelectrolyte layer lowers the PEDOT work function for electron extraction. This way the solar cell can also be made semitransparent which could be interesting for greenhouses [34] and as combined solar screening and power generators in facades.…”

Section: Device Geometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Optoelectrical Imaging Methods for Organic Photovoltaic Materials and Moduls

Bergqvist¹

2015

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Linköping 2015 IICover image: LED array based photocurrent imaging method for in-line characterization of printed organic solar cells developed during the course of this thesis. Illustration by Cecilia Kornehed.During the course of research underlying this thesis, Jonas Bergqvist was enrolled in Agora Materiae, a multidisciplinary doctoral program at Linköping University, Sweden. III AbstractTo achieve a high living standard for all people on Earth access to low cost energy is essential. The massive burning of fossil fuels must be drastically reduced if we are to avoid large changes of our climate. Solar cells are both technologically mature and have the potential to meet the huge demand for renewable energy in many countries. The prices for silicon solar cells have decreased rapidly during the course of this thesis and are now in grid parity in many countries.However, the potential for even lower energy costs has driven the research on polymer solar cells, a class of thin film solar cells. Polymer solar cells can be produced by roll to roll printing which potentially enables truly low cost solar cells. However, much research and development remain to reach that target.Polymer solar cells consist of a semiconducting composite material sandwiched between two electrodes, of which one is transparent, to let the light energy in to the semiconductor where it is converted to electric energy. The semiconductor comprise an intimate blend of polymer and fullerenes, where the nanostructure of this blend is crucial for the photo current extraction.To reach higher solar cell performance the dominating strategy is development and fine tuning of new polymers. To estimate their potential as solar cell materials their optical response have been determined by spectroscopic ellipsometry. Furthermore, optical simulations have been performed where the direction dependency of the optical response of the transparent electrode material PEDOT:PSS have been accounted for. The simulations show reduced electrode losses for light incident at large oblique angles.Moreover, we have shown that a gentle annealing of the active layer induces a local conformational changes of an amorphous polymer that is beneficial for solar cell performance. The active layer is deposited from solution where the drying kinetics determine the final nanostructure. We have shown that using in-situ photoluminescence phase separation can be detected during the drying process while a reflectance method have been developed to image lateral variations of solvent evaporation rate.Imaging methods are important tools to detect performance variations over the solar cell area. For this purpose an intermodulation based photo current imaging method have been developed to qualitatively differentiate the major photo current loss mechanisms. In addition, a 1D LED-array photo current imaging method have been developed and verified for high speed in-line characterization of printed organic solar modules. IV Populärvetenskaplig sammanfattningFör att uppnå en hög levnadsstandard för...

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Organic photovoltaic greenhouses: a unique application for semi-transparent PV?

Cited by 244 publications

References 53 publications

Plasmonic Backscattering Effect in High‐Efficient Organic Photovoltaic Devices

Plasmonic Backscattering Effect in High‐Efficient Organic Photovoltaic Devices

Quantifying the Nongeminate Recombination Dynamics in Nonfullerene Bulk Heterojunction Organic Solar Cells

Optoelectrical Imaging Methods for Organic Photovoltaic Materials and Moduls

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