Organic intercalation of structure modified vermiculite

Wu, Nian Fen; Wu, Limei; Liao, Libing; Lv, Guocheng

doi:10.1016/j.jcis.2015.07.031

Cited by 29 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…A greater loss of mass was related to the oxidation of the organic portion of the sample, i.e., the adsorbed surfactant. Moreover, greater the amount of surfactant that was oxidized, greater was the decrease of mass [55]. The loss was accompanied by an increase in H 2 O and CO 2 content.…”

Section: Dta/tgmentioning

confidence: 98%

Organo-Modified Vermiculite: Preparation, Characterization, and Sorption of Arsenic Compounds

et al. 2019

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Among the various technologies tested for removing the anionic species resulting from arsenic contamination, sorption methods have received unflagging interest. Being potential sorbent materials, clay minerals modified by cationic surfactants are often examined for this purpose. Among the clay minerals tested, information regarding sorption properties of expanded vermiculite modified with surfactants is scarce. Therefore, the present study aims to prepare organo-vermiculites modified with hexadecyltrimethylammonium (HDTMA) and benzyldimethylhexadecylammonium (HDBA) at surfactant concentrations of 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 cation exchange capacity. Modified sorbents were identified and characterized using the analytical methods that can determine phase composition and textural properties of the samples. The sorption of As(III) and As(V) as a function of initial pH value, initial concentration of As(III, V), and initial dosage of sorbent was investigated. The results show that HDTMA and HDBA affect the properties of raw vermiculite. For instance, increase in the concentration of surfactants is often accompanied by a change in interlayer space or textural properties of vermiculite. It was observed that tested organo-minerals adsorbed As(V) to a greater extent compared to As(III). Various analytical studies were carried out and the results revealed the successful synthesis of organo-vermiculite. Moreover, the study also showed that the structure of organo-vermiculite has a significant impact on the uptake of As(III) and As(V) anions.In the last decades, various technologies for removing As from contaminated water have been investigated, such as oxidation, coagulation, ion exchange, precipitation, membrane filtration, biological treatment, and sorption [9][10][11]. However, most of these methods have drawbacks, including high costs, deficient removal, generation of waste products, or high reagent and energy requirement. Among the methods mentioned earlier, adsorption seems to be the most effective method [1,12]. For removal by adsorption technique, activated carbon, metal-organic frameworks, zeolites, bog iron ores, water treatment residuals, and activated alumina have been proven to be promising adsorbents for arsenic removal [13][14][15][16][17].Clay minerals are low-cost and nontoxic sorbents. Raw clays are able to sorb cations owing to their negatively charged surface; however, they display low sorption efficiency for negatively charged contaminants such as arsenic [18]. Nevertheless, clays can be chemically modified by organic surfactants, which change the charge on the clay surface from negative to positive [19]. The organo-clays are hydrophobic materials that can effectively sorb anions and organic compounds. Modified kaolinite, montmorillonite, and illite are the most popular clay minerals that are used as sorbents [20][21][22]. However, only a few studies have focused on using organo-vermiculites to sorb anions [23,24].Vermiculite is a 2:1 phyllosilicate mineral having a sandwiched structure with two tetrahedral shee...

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Section: Dta/tgmentioning

confidence: 98%

Organo-Modified Vermiculite: Preparation, Characterization, and Sorption of Arsenic Compounds

et al. 2019

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“…Thermally expanded vermiculite (TE-VMT) with a particle size up to 1.6 mm was provided by Perlit Polska (Puńców, Poland). The annealing process was carried out at a temperature of 1260 • C, and the chemical composition according to the manufacturer's data is 38.0-49.0% SiO 2 , 20-23.5% MgO, 12-17.5% Al 2 O 3 , 0.3-5.4% Fe 2 O 3 , 5.2-7.9% K 2 O, 0-1.2% FeO, 0.7-1.5% CaO, 0-0.8% Na 2 O, 0-1.5% TiO 2 , 0-0.5 Cr 2 O 3 , 0.1-0.3% MnO, 0-0.6% temperature of 1260 °C, and the chemical composition according to the manufacturer's data is 38.0-49.0% SiO2, 20-23.5% MgO, 12-17.5% Al2O3, 0.3-5.4% Fe2O3, 5.2-7.9% K2O, 0-1.2% FeO, 0.7-1.5% CaO, 0-0.8% Na2O, 0-1.5% TiO2, 0-0.5 Cr2O3, 0.1-0.3% MnO, 0-0.6% CI, 0-0.6% CO2, 0-0.2% S. The exemplary structure of vermiculite based on the literature reports [30,47] is presented in Figure 1. The vermiculite filler is marked as W in the further parts of the study.…”

Section: Materials and Sample Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first one is BioAdimide ® 100 Powder (Lanxess, Koln, Germany), referred to in a further part of the manuscript as KI. This modifier is based on a bis (2,6diisopropylphenyl) 2% FeO, 0.7-1.5% CaO, 0-0.8% Na2O, 0-1.5% TiO2, 0-0.5 Cr2O3, 0.1-0.3% MnO, 0-0.6% CI, 0-0.6% CO2, 0-0.2% S. The exemplary structure of vermiculite based on the literature reports [30,47] is presented in Figure 1. The vermiculite filler is marked as W in the further parts of the study.…”

Section: Materials and Sample Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Surface Treatment with Isocyanate and Aromatic Carbodiimide of Thermally Expanded Vermiculite Used as a Functional Filler for Polylactide-Based Composites

et al. 2021

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In this work, thermally expanded vermiculite (TE-VMT) was surface modified and used as a filler for composites with a polylactide (PLA) matrix. Modification of vermiculite was realized by simultaneous ball milling with the presence of two PLA chain extenders, aromatic carbodiimide (KI), and 4,4’-methylenebis(phenyl isocyanate) (MDI). In addition to analyzing the particle size of the filler subjected to processing, the efficiency of mechanochemical modification was evaluated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The composites of PLA with three vermiculite types were prepared by melt mixing and subjected to mechanical, thermomechanical, thermal, and structural evaluation. The structure of composites containing a constant amount of the filler (20 wt%) was assessed using FTIR spectroscopy and SEM analysis supplemented by evaluating the final injection-molded samples’ physicochemical properties. Mechanical behavior of the composites was assessed by static tensile test and impact strength hardness measurements. Heat deflection temperature (HDT) test and dynamic thermomechanical analysis (DMTA) were applied to evaluate the influence of the filler addition and its functionalization on thermomechanical properties of PLA-based composites. Thermal properties were assessed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), pyrolysis combustion flow calorimetry (PCFC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The use of filler-reactive chain extenders (CE) made it possible to change the vermiculite structure and obtain an improvement in interfacial adhesion and more favorable filler dispersions in the matrix. This translated into an improvement in impact strength and an increase in thermo-mechanical stability and heat release capacity of composites containing modified vermiculites.

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“…. The changes in the XRD reflection positions reflect the size of the hydrated metal cations and organic cations in the interlayer of vermiculite33. The packed vermiculite used in this research is mainly composed of vermiculite and vermiculite-phlogopite mixed layer minerals.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrolytic ammonia removal and current efficiency by a vermiculite-packed electrochemical reactor

Yao

Fang

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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The ammonia removal as well as the current efficiency during electrolysis was investigated by using a vermiculite-packed electrochemical reactor under continuous mode. Experimental results showed that adsorption of ammonia by vermiculite and electrolytic desorption of ammonia simultaneously existed in the reactor, leading to 89% removal of initial 30 mg N/L ammonia and current efficiency of 25% under the condition of 2.0 A, 6.0 min hydraulic retention time with 300 mg Cl/L chloride as the catalyst. The ammonia removal capacity had a linear relationship with the products of hydraulic retention time, current and chloride concentration within experimental conditions. The treatment results of secondary effluent indicated that 29.9 mg N/L ammonia can be reduced to 4.6 mg N/L with 72% removal of total nitrogen and a current efficiency of 23%, which was 2% less than synthetic wastewater due to the reducing components in the real wastewater.

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Organic intercalation of structure modified vermiculite

Cited by 29 publications

References 15 publications

Organo-Modified Vermiculite: Preparation, Characterization, and Sorption of Arsenic Compounds

Organo-Modified Vermiculite: Preparation, Characterization, and Sorption of Arsenic Compounds

The Effect of Surface Treatment with Isocyanate and Aromatic Carbodiimide of Thermally Expanded Vermiculite Used as a Functional Filler for Polylactide-Based Composites

Electrolytic ammonia removal and current efficiency by a vermiculite-packed electrochemical reactor

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