Organic compounds of PM2.5 in Mexico Valley: Spatial and temporal patterns, behavior and sources

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) Associated with PM2.5 in Guadalajara, Mexico: Environmental Levels, Health Risks and Possible Sources

“…Individual average environmental levels of PAHs in PM 2.5 determined in this study ranged from 0.03 ng·m −3 (Acn) to 1.45 ng·m −3 (BghiP), which are the same order of magnitude as those recently reported [17], who found environmental levels of PAHs in PM 2.5 ranging from 0.01 ng·m −3 (Flu) to 1.25 ng·m −3 (BghiP) at three urban sites located in Guadalajara, México in 2012. In comparison with Mexico City, the highest city in Mexico, the concentrations found here are of the same order of magnitude as those levels reported by [21] and [22] for five local urban sites, which were found to range from 0.02 ng·m −3 (Flu) to 1.45 ng·m −3 (BghiP) but were approximately one order of magnitude lower than those recently reported, from 0.81 ng·m −3 (Acn) to 2.14 ng·m −3 (BghiP), at an urban and a semi-urban site in Cuernavaca, Mexico [23]. Guadalajara showed similar levels to Latin-American urban areas such as those found in São Paulo, Brazil [24] but much lower levels than those measured in two of Chile's urban areas, Santiago and Temuco [25].…”

“…Overall, average atmospheric concentrations of total PAHs were similar between both sites but showed seasonal variation, with the highest environmental levels during the dry seasons and the lowest in the rainy season (Figure 3), similar to a report from Mexico City [22]. Increases in PAH atmospheric concentrations during the cold-dry season may be attributed to lower environmental temperatures, resulting in a stronger tendency of PAH to bond to particles.…”

Molecular Markers Associated with the Biological Response to Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Urban Air in Humans

“…Otherwise, BaP was present from 0.265 ng/m 3 in the southwest zone to 0.455 ng/m 3 in the downtown area of Mexico City. In these same zones, total heavy PAH were 6.089 ng/m 3 in the downtown zone and 3.402 in the southwest sector (Amador-Muñoz et al, 2011). These measurements were obtained from the total PAH contained in PM 2.5 .…”

Presence of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Semi-Rural Environment in Mexico City

“…According to Amador-Muñoz et al (2011) the principal sources were diesel, natural gas and fuel combustion, biogenic emissions and organic matter pyrolysis where PAHs are associated with airborne particles in atmospheric media. Generally, between 80% and almost 100 % of PAHs with 5 rings or more (which are predominately particle-bound in the atmosphere) can be found associated with particles with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 2.5 μm (European Communities, 2001).…”