Organic cocoa farming in Indonesia: constraints and development strategies

Leksono, Amin Setyo; Mustafa, Irfan; Gama, Zulfaidah Penata; Afandhi, Aminudin; Zairina, Anisa

doi:10.1007/s13165-021-00351-5

Cited by 6 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Most stakeholders also identify market-related factors (premium prices, consumer demand, market access, and social difference within the cocoa value chain) as, simultaneously, the main constraints and drivers among smallholders, their cooperatives, and private companies. These results are in line with previous research [36,42,43], which showed that cocoa farmers in Indonesia, Cameroon, and Peru perceive the marketing chain to be long and ineffective and oriented towards the international market. These factors determine domestic organic cocoa prices and expressed concerns about low pricing, price volatility, difficulty in accessing the market, small-scale production, low productivity, and lack of partnerships.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…The stakeholders' suggestion of strengthening the cooperatives' relationships with the industry and research institutions to improve the organic cocoa value chain's sustainability and fulfill international demand for healthy organic products is in line with other studies [36]. However, ensuring the sustainability of the cocoa value chain requires support and consistency in government policies and banking support programs as well as better performance of smallholder cocoa farmers.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

“…There was a common agreement among the stakeholders engaged in the study that organic cocoa is set to expand in the future due to not only increasing demand for chocolate but also STP's government project and plan for its increase (e.g., [34]). This perspective is also echoed in recent reports [35] and the academic literature [36][37][38][39][40], although the potential of organic cocoa as a solution to agricultural sustainability challenges is unclear [39].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…The study also highlights the relationship between farmers' training and changes in their adopted practices and how these practices can mitigate climate change; support soil fertility [40], productivity, and profitability; and avoid land degradation [39]. Farmers' training provides better knowledge on pest control [36] and other sustainability issues, such as greenhouse gases, profitability, and gender equity [39] or deforestation [1,41].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Organic Cocoa Value Chain Sustainability: The Perception of São Tomé and Príncipe’s Stakeholders

2021

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Cocoa farming in São Tomé and Príncipe (STP) faces several challenges due to its poor socioeconomic context, the adverse impact of climate changes, the complex and limited access to global value chains, and worldwide demand pressure for higher cocoa quality and productivity. This exploratory research investigates potential pathways to a more sustainable organic cocoa (OC) production in STP by mapping the perceptions of the stakeholders involved in its value chain. Qualitative interviews, field observation, and focus group discussions were applied to understand how sustainability dimensions, drivers, impacts, and challenges of OC are perceived and how these three dimensions can be improved and balanced. The gathered perceptions are rather diverse, reflecting the stakeholders’ position and knowledge of the specific contexts and processes. Producers do not perceive how governance is adopting new organizational structures or practices that allow for an effective sustainability improvement. Most stakeholders recognize that market-related factors drive the sustainability adoption and that financing-related constraints challenge their wide implementation. There are trade-offs and power asymmetries in the OC value chain, which manifest differently, due to the governance approaches, processes, overall regulations, and training of producers. An alignment of perceptions and activities as well as a stronger cooperation between cooperatives, private firms, and public institutions is strongly recommended.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Organic Cocoa Value Chain Sustainability: The Perception of São Tomé and Príncipe’s Stakeholders

2021

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“…By channelling its intervention through the lower tiers of the agricultural administration, the government targets organised farmer groups, hoping for the positive externalities associated with collective action. Nevertheless, other studies in Indonesia suggest still limited state support for organic agriculture extension despite the existence of national organic programs [75][76][77], hence the persistent low level of adoption and knowledge of organic agriculture among farmers due to systematic constraints [78]. Meanwhile, civil society organisations continue to play a central role in knowledge transfer and innovation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Turning Indonesia Organic: Insights from Transdisciplinary Research on the Challenges of a Societal Transformation

et al. 2021

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While there is a global consensus that agricultural systems need to be transformed to be more sustainable, possible pathways and challenges to this process are still debated. We analyse the challenges and opportunities involved in transforming smallholder farming to organic agriculture in Indonesia, where the intense application of Green Revolution technologies came at enormous environmental costs. We adopt a transdisciplinary approach to identify possible pathways towards organic agriculture, based on an analysis of farmers’ knowledge and barriers to adoption, value and belief systems, and institutional structures, including policies and regulations. We present our empirical findings as ‘system knowledge’, ‘target knowledge’ and ‘transformation knowledge’ and incorporate insights from both academics and practitioners. We draw on evidence from large-scale surveys, field experiments, in-depth interviews, participant observation and document analysis. A key insight of our research is that Indonesia does not lack initiatives towards organic farming, but that these various initiatives have different motivations, goals and strategies. This misalignment detracts from the transformational potential of organic agriculture and is responsible for the hitherto limited success of the organic transition. Our findings suggest that policy action at multiple levels is required, guided by an inclusive strategy that is drawn up in a participatory manner.

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Efforts to enhance quality cocoa production in North Luwu Regency

Safaruddin

Arsyad

Salman

et al. 2023

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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This study aims to analyze government policies in an effort to enhance quality cocoa production as a source of income in North Luwu Regency. The data used in this research is secondary data and analyzed using a system dynamics approach. The results of the analysis show that the North Luwu Regency government’s policy on cocoa development is quite large which is implemented through several steps: 1) making cocoa a top priority in agricultural development programs, 2) Budgeting policies that favor cocoa farmers both in providing seeds, production facilities and developing infrastructure to access production pockets, 3) building cocoa entress gardens in Batu Alang Village and Marobo Village, 4) building cocoa mother gardens as a source of rootstock seeds in Bakka Village, 5) establishing partnerships with empowerment organizations cocoa in empowering farmer groups, 6) rejuvenating cocoa plants since 2017 until now, 7) supporting the Rural Empowerment and Agricultural Development Scalling Up Initiative (READ-SI) program in empowering farmers starting in 2019-2025, 8) supporting a sustainable agricultural system program in the Asian Tropical Landscape (SFITAL) as well as sector transformation cocoa in Indonesia through adding value to smallholder farmers (TRAKSI) 2020-2025.

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Organic cocoa farming in Indonesia: constraints and development strategies

Cited by 6 publications

References 24 publications

Organic Cocoa Value Chain Sustainability: The Perception of São Tomé and Príncipe’s Stakeholders

Organic Cocoa Value Chain Sustainability: The Perception of São Tomé and Príncipe’s Stakeholders

Turning Indonesia Organic: Insights from Transdisciplinary Research on the Challenges of a Societal Transformation

Efforts to enhance quality cocoa production in North Luwu Regency

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