Organic chemicals associated with rubber are more toxic to marine algae and bacteria than those of thermoplastics

Sørensen, Lisbet; Gomes, Tânia; Igartua, Amaya; Lyngstad, Inger Larsen; Almeida, Ana Catarina; Wagner, Martin; Booth, Andy M.

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131810

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…In addition, weathered MPs are more likely to release additives and sorbed chemicals into the environment, increasing their toxicity and potentially causing greater risk to the exposed organisms . This is particularly important for TWPs as they contain a wide range of hazardous organic and inorganic chemicals …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…41 This is particularly important for TWPs as they contain a wide range of hazardous organic and inorganic chemicals. 19 3.3. Sediment from a Constructed Wetland and Retained in the Litter Capture Device.…”

Section: Stormwater and Efficacy Of The Litter Capturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…), with leachates from tires more toxic to bacteria and microalgae compared to other polymers (polyethylene, poly(ethylene terephthalate), and polypropylene). 19 In a recent review study, Wang et al 20 showed a much higher abundance of MPs (mean 676 MPs/L from 25 studies) in stormwater runoff compared to other important land-based MP sources such as wastewater effluent (mean 12 MPs/L from 76 studies). This highlights the need to better understand the abundance of MPs in stormwater and to control this potentially important source of land-based MPs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A previous study has shown that tire rubber contains up to 2500 chemicals (such as PAHs, phthalates, antioxidants, benzothiazole, etc. ), with leachates from tires more toxic to bacteria and microalgae compared to other polymers (polyethylene, poly(ethylene terephthalate), and polypropylene) …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microplastics and Tire Wear Particles in Urban Stormwater: Abundance, Characteristics, and Potential Mitigation Strategies

Ziajahromi

Drapper³

et al. 2023

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Stormwater has been identified as a pathway for microplastics (MPs), including tire wear particles (TWPs), into aquatic habitats. Our knowledge of the abundance of MPs in urban stormwater and potential strategies to control MPs in stormwater is still limited. In this study, stormwater samples were collected from microlitter capture devices (inlet and outlet) during rain events. Sediment samples were collected from the material captured in the device and from the inlet and outlet of a constructed stormwater wetland. MP (>25 μm) concentration in stormwater varied across different locations ranging from 3.8 to 59 MPs/L in raw and 1.8 to 32 MPs/L in treated stormwater, demonstrating a decrease after passage through the device (35–88% removal). TWPs comprised ∼95% of all particles, followed by polypropylene (PP) and poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET). The concentration of TWPs ranged from 2.5 to 58 TWPs/L and 1450 to 4740 TWPs/kg in stormwater and sediment, respectively. A higher abundance of MPs was found in the sediment at the inlet of the constructed wetland compared to the outlet, indicating a potential role of wetlands in removing MPs from stormwater. These findings suggest that both constructed wetlands and microlitter capture devices can mitigate the transport of MPs from stormwater to the receiving waterways.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Stormwater and Efficacy Of The Litter Capturementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Microplastics and Tire Wear Particles in Urban Stormwater: Abundance, Characteristics, and Potential Mitigation Strategies

Ziajahromi

Drapper³

et al. 2023

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…The major constituents of tire wear are synthetic and natural rubber, and vulcanization agents such as sulfur, zinc, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, and thiazoles (Wagner et al, 2018). Tire wear has been shown to leach considerable amounts of these substances, which are known to be toxic to corals and other organisms (Halle et al, 2020; Ouédraogo et al, 2021) and have been identified to exhibit a higher toxicity than other plastic polymers (Sørensen et al, 2023). In contrast, the effect of the beach treatment appeared rather low, comparable to the impact of the PE treatment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Common types of microdebris affect the physiology of reef-building corals

Reichert,

Tirpitz,

Plaza

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Marine debris, particularly microdebris (< 1 mm) poses a potential threat to marine life, including reef-building corals. While previous research has mainly focused on the impact of single polymer microplastics, the effects of natural microdebris, composed of a mixture of materials, have not been explored. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the effects of different microdebris, originating from major sources of pollution, on reef-building corals. For this, we exposed two scleractinian coral species,Pocillopora verrucosaandStylophora pistillata, known to frequently ingest microplastics, to four types of microdebris in an 8-week laboratory experiment: fragmented environmental plastic debris, artificial fibers from clothing, residues from the automobile sector consisting of tire wear, brake abrasion, and varnish flakes, a single polymer microplastic treatment consisting of polyethylene particles, and a microdebris-free control treatment. Specifically, we (I) compared the effects of the different microdebris on coral growth, necrosis, and photosynthesis, (II) investigated the difference between the microdebris mixtures and the exposure to the single polymer treatment, and (III) identified potential mechanisms causing species-specific effects by contrasting the feeding responses of the two coral species on microdebris and natural food. We show that the fibers and tire wear had the strongest effects on coral physiology, withP. verrucosabeing more affected thanS. pistillata. Both species showed increased volume growth in response to the microdebris treatments, accompanied by decreased calcification inP. verrucosa. Photosynthetic efficiency of the symbionts was enhanced in both species. The species-specific physiological responses might be attributed to feeding reactions, withP. verrucosaresponding significantly more often to microdebris thanS. pistillata. These findings highlight the effect of different microdebris on coral physiology and the need for future studies to use particle mixtures to better mimic naturally occurring microdebris and assess its effect on corals in more detail.HighlightsThe effects of major sources of microdebris pollution on coral physiology were compared.Overall, microdebris had only minor impacts on coral physiology.Artificial fibers and tire wear caused the strongest effect on coral physiology.Single polymer and complex microdebris caused similar, yet species-specific effects.Species-specific effects might be due to different feeding behaviors.Graphical abstract

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Estrogenic, Genotoxic, and Antibacterial Effects of Chemicals from Cryogenically Milled Tire Tread

Bergmann,

Masset,

Breider

et al. 2024

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Tire and road wear particles (TRWP) contain complex mixtures of chemicals and release them to the environment, and potential toxic effects of these chemicals still need to be characterized. We used a standardized surrogate for TRWP, cryogenically milled tire tread (CMTT), to isolate and evaluate effects of tire‐associated chemicals. We examined organic chemical mixtures extracted and leached from CMTT for the toxicity endpoints genotoxicity, estrogenicity, and inhibition of bacterial luminescence. The bioassays were performed after chromatographic separation on high‐performance thin‐layer chromatography (HPTLC) plates. Extracts of CMTT were active in all three HPTLC bioassays with two estrogenic zones, two genotoxic zones, and two zones inhibiting bacterial luminescence. Extracts of CMTT artificially aged with thermooxidation were equally bioactive in each HPTLC bioassay. Two types of aqueous leachates of unaged CMTT, simulating either digestion by fish or contact with sediment and water, contained estrogenic chemicals and inhibitors of bacterial luminescence with similar profiles to those of CMTT extracts. Of 11 tested tire‐associated chemicals, two were estrogenic, three were genotoxic, and several inhibited bacterial luminescence. 1,3‐Diphenylguanidine, transformation products of N‐(1,3‐dimethylbutyl)‐N′‐phenyl‐p‐phenylenediamine, and benzothiazoles were especially implicated through comparison to HPTLC retention factors in the CMTT samples. Other bioactive bands in CMTT samples did not correspond to any target chemicals. Tire particles clearly contain and can leach complex mixtures of toxic chemicals to the environment. Although some known chemicals contribute to estrogenic, genotoxic, and antibacterial hazards, unidentified toxic chemicals are still present and deserve further investigation. Overall, our study expands the understanding of potential adverse effects from tire particles and helps improve the link between those effects and the responsible chemicals. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;00:1–11. © 2024 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.

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Organic chemicals associated with rubber are more toxic to marine algae and bacteria than those of thermoplastics

Cited by 16 publications

References 47 publications

Microplastics and Tire Wear Particles in Urban Stormwater: Abundance, Characteristics, and Potential Mitigation Strategies

Microplastics and Tire Wear Particles in Urban Stormwater: Abundance, Characteristics, and Potential Mitigation Strategies

Common types of microdebris affect the physiology of reef-building corals

Estrogenic, Genotoxic, and Antibacterial Effects of Chemicals from Cryogenically Milled Tire Tread

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