Oregon Subduction Zone: Venting, Fauna, and Carbonates

Kulm, L. D.; Suess, Erwin; Moore, J. Casey; Carson, Bobb; Lewis, Brian T. R.; Ritger, Scott D.; Kadko, David; Thornburg, Todd M.; Embley, R. W.; Rugh, W D; Massoth, Gary J.; Langseth, Marcus G.; Cochrane, Guy R.; Scamman, Robert

doi:10.1126/science.231.4738.561

Cited by 454 publications

(206 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…During an earlier deployment in 1988(dive 1907, Alvin visited an active seep site located at 2046 m of depth atop the backthrust of the first accretionary ridge; a tectonic setting described by KULM et al (1986) andMOORE et al (1991). At this deployment the OSU Barrel was equipped with the mechanical flowmeter and with six Niskin TM bottles as reported by CARSON et al (1990).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…FLUID venting at subduction zones is a current research frontier (SUESS et aI., 1985;KULM et al, 1986;MOORE, MASCLE et al, 1987;BOUL~GUE et al, 1987;CARSON et al, 1990;CARSON and HOLMES, 1991;MOORE, 1991;MOORE et al, 1991). Rates of water discharge and dissolved material flux rates are parameters of the highest significance to marine scientists, but only a few attempts of direct measurements exist (CARSON et al, 1990;SAYLES and DICKINSON, 1991 and references cited therein).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In situ measurement of fluid flow from cold seeps at active continental margins

Линке

Suess

Torres

et al. 1994

Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers

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117

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Abstract--In situ measurement of fluid flow rates from active margins is an important parameter in evaluating dissolved mass fluxes and global geochemical balances as well as tectonic dewatering during developments of accretionary prisms. We have constructed and deployed various devices that allow for the direct measurement of this parameter. An open bottom barrel with an exhaust port at the top and equipped with a mechanical flowmeter was initially used to measure flow rates in the Cascadia accretionary margin during an Alvin dive program in 1988. Sequentially activated water bottles inside the barrel sampled the increase of venting methane in the enclosed body of water. Subsequently, a thermistor flowmeter was developed to measure flow velocities from cold seeps. It can be used to measure velocities between 0.01 and 50 cm s -1 , with a response time of 200 ms. It was deployed again by the submersible Alvin in visits to the Cascadia margin seeps (1990) and in conjunction with sequentially activated water bottles inside the barrel. We report the values for the flow rates based on the thermistor flowmeter and estimated from methane flux calculations. These results are then compared with the first measurement at Cascadia margin employing the mechanical flowmeter. The similarity between water flow and methane expulsion rates over more than one order of magnitude at these sites suggests that the mass fluxes obtained by our in situ devices may be reasonably realistic values for accretionary margins. These values also indicate an enormous variability in the rates of fluid expulsion within the same accretionary prism.Finally, during a cruise to the active margin off Peru, another version of the same instrument was deployed via a TV-controlled frame within an acoustic transponder net from a surface ship, the R.V. Sonne. The venting rates obtained with the thermistor flowmeter used in this configuration yielded a value of 4411 m -2 day-1 at an active seep on the Peru slope. The ability for deployment of deep-sea instruments capable of measuring fluid flow rates and dissolved mass fluxes from conventional research vessels will allow easier access to these seep sites and a more widespread collection of the data needed to evaluate geochemical processes resulting from venting at cold seeps on a global basis. Comparison of the in situ flow rates with rates from steady-state compactive dewatering models differ by more than 4 orders of magnitude. This implies that only a small area of the margin is venting and that there must be recharge zones associated with venting at convergent margins.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In situ measurement of fluid flow from cold seeps at active continental margins

Линке

Suess

Torres

et al. 1994

Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers

Self Cite

117

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Methane hydrates are widespread in subduction zones such as the Cascadia Margin where our study was conducted, forming an important component of their shallow hydrogeologic systems [Kvenvolden, 1993]. Recent theoretical work has focused on the strong linkages that can occur between methane generation, hydrate development, heat flow, and fluid migration patterns [Xu and Ruppel, 1999].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complex flow patterns through Hydrate Ridge and their impact on seep biota

Tryon¹,

Brown²

2001

Geophysical Research Letters

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Abstract. Our recent measurements of long-term fluid flux rates and output fluid chemistry at seep sites on Hydrate Ridge, Cascadia, suggest that the mechanisms driving fluid flow in gas hydrate bearing forearc settings may be significantly more complex than previously thought. Temporal changes in the polarity and magnitude of flow and in seep fluid chemistry were observed. The nature of flow appears to generate a strong response in the chemosynthetic seep community ecology. We document here: 1) the frequency and range of temporal variability in flow rates, 2) the relatively rapid changes in outflow composition, 3) strong outflow of seawater-like fluids, 4) the association of Calyptogena (sp) clams with oscillatory and inflow settings, and 5) microbial mat communities associated with strong advection of altered fluids. These results suggest that a reappraisal may be required of the nature of the hydrologic system and its effect on related processes such as benthic seep community ecology and biogeochemical cycles.

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“…Deep-sea chemosymbiotic invertebrate communities were first found near geologically induced sulfide environments such as hydrothermal vents, cold-methane seeps, and petroleum seeps (Lonsdale. 1977;Suess et al, 1985;Kulm et al, 1986;Callender et al, 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paleoecology of whale-fall habitats from deep-water Oligocene rocks, Olympic Peninsula, Washington state

Goedert

Squires

Barnes

1995

Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology

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Fossil mollusks associated with eight Oligocene whales from the Makah and Pysht Formations on the northwestern part of the Olympic Peninsula, Washington, suggest that whale carcass sulfide production supported small numbers of some chemosymbiotic invertebrates as early as 30 million years ago. Thyasirid and modiolid bivalves usually dominate these very localized molluscan assemblages; lucinid and nuculanid bivalves, scaphandrid, naticid, and buccinid gastropods are rarely present; brachiopods were found once. These fossils include, tentatively, the first fossil record for the bivalve genus Idasola, and the first record of the bivalve Thyasira peruviana Olsson, outside of probable cold-seep deposits in South America. Strata surrounding the fossil whales contain low diversity megafaunas that include rare deep-water gastropods and bivalves, large isopods, and localized cold-seep communities. The whale-fall assemblages differ significantly because of the presence of Idasola? sp. and Thyasira peruviana? and the absence of vesicomyid bivalves. Vertebrate carcasses have probably not contributed significantly to the dispersal of cold-seep and hydrothermal vent invertebrates. Seep/vent communities were well established much earlier than the evolution of cetaceans, and seep/vent invertebrates have not been found with carcasses of other large vertebrates.

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Oregon Subduction Zone: Venting, Fauna, and Carbonates

Cited by 454 publications

References 18 publications

In situ measurement of fluid flow from cold seeps at active continental margins

In situ measurement of fluid flow from cold seeps at active continental margins

Complex flow patterns through Hydrate Ridge and their impact on seep biota

Paleoecology of whale-fall habitats from deep-water Oligocene rocks, Olympic Peninsula, Washington state

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