Ordered Element Distributed C<sub>3</sub>N Quantum Dots Manipulated Crystallization Kinetics for 2D CsPbI<sub>3</sub> Solar Cells with Ultra‐High Performance

Li, Zhizai; Yang, Siwei; Ye, Caichao; Wang, Gang; Ma, Bo; Yao, Huanhuan; Wang, Qian; Peng, Guoqiang; Wang, Qian; Zhang, Hao‐Li; Jin, Zhiwen

doi:10.1002/smll.202108090

Cited by 8 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…After using the extended π-conjugated spacer, the V OC of 1-NA-Pb device was significantly increased to 1.093 V, J SC to 19.84 mA cm -2 , FF to 76.63%, and PCE to 16.62%. [7,48,59] The improved performance of 1-NA-Pb devices is attributed to the enhancement of overall photovoltaic parameters, which benefit from the improved quality of discussed 1-NA-Pb films, the preferred vertical crystal orientation, the reduced defect density, and the lower binding energy of layered perovskites due to the larger dipole moments of 1-NA molecules (Figure S10 and Table S3-S4, Supporting Information). Figure 5b depicts the external quantum efficiency © 2022 Wiley-VCH GmbH spectra of PEA-Pb and 1-NA-Pb PSCs at a wavelength of 300-800 nm, where the 1-NA-Pb PSCs exhibit enhanced spectral responses relative to the PEA-Pb PSCs.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Next, Figure 5f compares this result with the PCE of 2D/quasi-2D CsPbI 3 PSCs that have been reported so far in different dimensions, and Table S5, Supporting Information summarizes the corresponding photovoltaic parameters. [1,7,[21][22][23][24][25]48,59] The 1-NA-Pb PSCs achieved record-breaking performance in 2D PSCs, meeting the needs of commercial applications. Figure 5g counts the changes in the performance of PEA-Pb and 1-NA-Pb devices in nitrogen (N 2 ) atmosphere to check the long-term stability of devices.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Novel Multiple‐Ring Aromatic Spacer Based 2D Ruddlesden–Popper CsPbI₃Solar Cell with Record Efficiency Beyond 16%

Yao

Shi

et al. 2022

Adv Funct Materials

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Two-dimensional (2D) Ruddlesden-Popper (RP) CsPbI 3 perovskite possesses superior phase stability by introducing steric hindrance. However, due to the quantum and dielectric confinement effect, 2D structures usually exhibit large exciton binding energy, and the charge tunneling barrier across the organic interlayer is difficult to eliminate, resulting in poor charge transport and performance. Here, a multiple-ring aromatic ammonium, 1-naphthylamine (1-NA) spacer is developed for 2D RP CsPbI 3 perovskite solar cell (PSC). Theoretical simulations and experimental characterizations demonstrate that the 2D RP CsPbI 3 perovskite using 1-NA spacer with extended π-conjugation lengths reduces the exciton binding energy and facilitates the efficient separation of excitons. In addition, its cations have a significant contribution to the conduction band, which can reduce the bandgap, promote electronic coupling between organic and inorganic layers, and improve interlayer charge transport. Importantly, the strong π-π conjugation of 1-NA spacer can enhance intermolecular interactions and hydrogen bonding, and prepare high-quality films with preferred vertical orientation, resulting in lower defect density, and directional charge transport. As a result, the (1-NA) 2 (Cs) 3 Pb 4 I 13 PSC exhibits a record 16.62% performance with enhanced stability. This work provides an efficient approach to improve charge transport and device performance by developing multiple-ring aromatic spacers.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Multiple‐Ring Aromatic Spacer Based 2D Ruddlesden–Popper CsPbI₃Solar Cell with Record Efficiency Beyond 16%

Yao

Shi

et al. 2022

Adv Funct Materials

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“…In addition, the water contact-angle of CsPbI 3 , I-Br QDs, and I-Br/Cl QDs films is increased clearly (47.42°, 67.77°, 79.97°) in the inset of Figure 2a, demonstrating that the surface polarity of the film is substantially modified and moisture resistance of the perovskite layer is enhanced. [41] Then, we adopted atomic force microscopy (AFM) to measure the surface roughness of pristine CsPbI 3 , I-Br QDs, and I-Br/Cl QDs films (Figure 2b). It is depicted that the mean square-root-roughness value of films decrease with the increase of treated layers of QDs.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Double‐Layer Quantum Dots as Interfacial Layer to Enhance the Performance of CsPbI₃ Solar Cells

Zhang

Chen

et al. 2022

Adv Materials Inter

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their attention to the cesium-based inorganic perovskite of CsPbX 3 (X = Cl, Br, and I), which possess favorable thermal endurance, and component stability. [12] Among these CsPbX 3 , the representative CsPbI 3 light-absorbing material has become a research hotspot for its suitable band gap (E g ) and high absorption coefficient. [13] However, the relatively high defect density and nonradiative recombination are still primarily obstacles to improve CsPbI 3 PSCs performance. [14] Meanwhile, surface and interfacial defects on film can create ion migration channels to accelerate degradation of CsPbI 3 PSCs. [15] Therefore, reducing its defect density, suppressing nonradiative recombination, and enhancing stability are of great significance to improve the device performance.Previous studies have shown that energy band mismatch produces nonradiative recombination at perovskite film/transport layer interface. [16] Meanwhile, there are also many defects on film surface, especially at grain boundaries (GBs), which can cause charge recombination. [17] All of this causes a lot of energy loss. Interface engineering is an efficient and reliable strategy, which mainly through interface modification, adding buffer layers, dopant and so on to optimize interfacial contact and film morphology. [18][19][20] Appropriate interface engineering not only can achieve energy level alignment, but also passivate surface defects, which greatly improves the PCE of PSCs. [21,22] For instance, Xu et al. introduced the (CsPbI 2 Br) 1−x (CsPbI 3 ) x layer as intercalation layer between CsPbI 2 Br film and hole transport layer (HTL) to minimize the energy loss, resulting in good crystalline quality and energy level alignment. [23] Tian and co-workers employed cathode interlayer and anode interlayer to tune the work function of SnO 2 and improve the crystallinity of CsPbI 2 Br film with larger grain size. The interaction of these interlayers can also passivate surface trap states of CsPbI 2 Br film. [24] These works directly demonstrate the feasibility of interface engineering.Currently, inorganic perovskite colloidal quantum dots (QDs) are widely used in interface engineering due to their unique features such as tunable energy levels, low excitation energies, excellent ambient stability and so on. [25][26][27] These merits show huge application prospects as interface modifiers. [28] According to previous reports, incorporation of QDs can passivate defects and tune surface morphology of perovskite film, thus retarding carrier recombination. [29][30][31] Through the insertion of QDs layer, CsPbI 3 has drawn constant interest in the field of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), due to its remarkable photovoltaic performance and thermal stability. Nonetheless, further development of CsPbI 3 PSCs requires solving larger energy loss problem, which is primarily caused by charge recombination and energy band mismatch at the interface. Here, a double-layer interface engineering concept is introduced that uses CsPbBr 3 and CsPbCl 3 colloidal quantum dots (QDs) t...

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“…In addition, the F element possesses high electronegativity, which makes its components (FPA þ ) more prone to withdrawing electrons. [20,37] The maximum electronegativity also results in a negative inductive effect of the F atom. Therefore, this negative inductive effect in FPA þ cations reduces the density of benzene electron cloud, N atom, and attached H atom, which makes the hydrogen bond in N─H⋯I stronger.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluorosubstitution Boosting 2D Ruddlesden–Popper CsPbI₃ with High Stability and Efficiency

Shi

Kang

et al. 2022

Solar RRL

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Since the first CsPbX 3 perovskite solar cells (PSCs) made a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 2.9% in 2015, their performance skyrocketed to an unprecedented value beyond 20%. [1,2] However, the black-phase CsPbX 3 tends to transfer into the nonperovskite phase at room temperature resulting in deterioration of photovoltaic performance. [3][4][5] To overcome these defects, massive efforts have been made by researchers, including developing new counterparts such as Ruddlesden-Popper (RP) CsPbI 3 and Dion-Jacobson (DJ) CsPbI 3 . [6,7] These types of 2D CsPbI 3 show improved stability for its hydrophobicity of the bulk aliphatic or alkylammonium cations (e.g., phenylethylammonium)), which would induce steric hindrance effect against the phase-transition process. [6][7][8] However, every coin has two sides. The organic cations also induce poor migration of photogenerated carriers in the perovskite film, which results in the low PCE of corresponding devices. [9][10][11][12] Recently, bulky-cation engineering is usually used to improve the carrier transition process of 2D perovskites (especially 2D RP type) by introducing organic cations with different sizes, charges, and shapes. Their carrier behaviors are improved in terms of their different suitabilities of hydrogen-bonding capacity, stereochemical configuration, and space-filling capability. [13][14][15] Li et al. demonstrated a novel bulky organic cation of 3-aminopropionitrile (3-APN) to construct pure 2D (3-APN) 2 PbI 4 with small I⋯I distance and favorable growth direction. 3-APN cation also induces intramolecular hydrogen bonding to align the energy level of the device for effective interfacial charge transfer. [16] Recently, Ren et al. presented a new bulky alkylammonium of 2-(methylthio) ethylamine hydrochloride (MTEACl) to realize sulfur-sulfur interaction, which enhanced charge transport and stabilized its framework. [17] Also, Xu et al. developed a series of multiplering aromatic ammoniums of 1-naphthalenemethylammonium (NpMA) and 9-anthracenemethylammonium (AnMA) to explore their difference in carrier behavior. It benefited from the hydrogen bonding formation between organic cations and inorganic layers, which ensured ultrafast exciton migration process for exciton separation, charge transition, and collection. [18] However, the exploration of organic cations in CsPbX 3 is limited to the common cations of PEA þ and BA þ . Some of the novel functional groups designed in organic cations could induce fantastic photoelectronic properties and device improvement as well.The chemical tuning of the spacer organic cation with fluoro (F) substitution has been widely explored for improving the basic properties of A-site cations. [19] Pan et al. demonstrated that F-substitution PEA þ is beneficial to improving the visible

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Ordered Element Distributed C₃N Quantum Dots Manipulated Crystallization Kinetics for 2D CsPbI₃ Solar Cells with Ultra‐High Performance

Cited by 8 publications

References 62 publications

A Novel Multiple‐Ring Aromatic Spacer Based 2D Ruddlesden–Popper CsPbI₃Solar Cell with Record Efficiency Beyond 16%

A Novel Multiple‐Ring Aromatic Spacer Based 2D Ruddlesden–Popper CsPbI₃Solar Cell with Record Efficiency Beyond 16%

Double‐Layer Quantum Dots as Interfacial Layer to Enhance the Performance of CsPbI₃ Solar Cells

Fluorosubstitution Boosting 2D Ruddlesden–Popper CsPbI₃ with High Stability and Efficiency

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Ordered Element Distributed C3N Quantum Dots Manipulated Crystallization Kinetics for 2D CsPbI3 Solar Cells with Ultra‐High Performance

Cited by 8 publications

References 62 publications

A Novel Multiple‐Ring Aromatic Spacer Based 2D Ruddlesden–Popper CsPbI3Solar Cell with Record Efficiency Beyond 16%

A Novel Multiple‐Ring Aromatic Spacer Based 2D Ruddlesden–Popper CsPbI3Solar Cell with Record Efficiency Beyond 16%

Double‐Layer Quantum Dots as Interfacial Layer to Enhance the Performance of CsPbI3 Solar Cells

Fluorosubstitution Boosting 2D Ruddlesden–Popper CsPbI3 with High Stability and Efficiency

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Ordered Element Distributed C₃N Quantum Dots Manipulated Crystallization Kinetics for 2D CsPbI₃ Solar Cells with Ultra‐High Performance

A Novel Multiple‐Ring Aromatic Spacer Based 2D Ruddlesden–Popper CsPbI₃Solar Cell with Record Efficiency Beyond 16%

A Novel Multiple‐Ring Aromatic Spacer Based 2D Ruddlesden–Popper CsPbI₃Solar Cell with Record Efficiency Beyond 16%

Double‐Layer Quantum Dots as Interfacial Layer to Enhance the Performance of CsPbI₃ Solar Cells

Fluorosubstitution Boosting 2D Ruddlesden–Popper CsPbI₃ with High Stability and Efficiency