Order-sensitive plasticity in adult primary auditory cortex

Kilgard, Michael P.; Merzenich, Michael M.

doi:10.1073/pnas.261705198

Cited by 107 publications

(73 citation statements)

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“…4B). The facilitation index is 100 times the logarithm base 2 of the ratio of number of responses to a CF tone under a two-stimulus paradigm and number of responses to a CF tone only (5). This method of analysis again confirmed that the average index of cortical sites with CFs centered at 7 kHz was positive and significantly larger than in control rats in the expected time of occurrence of the 7-kHz target stimulus if and only if it was preceded by the first target element (3 kHz) (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…S uccessive-signal biasing ("prediction"), which is manifested in many behavioral studies in psychoacoustics and linguistics, very significantly contributes to the reception and production of rapidly successive inputs or actions (1)(2)(3)(4)(5). This study was designed to begin to reveal fundamental auditory system processes that could account for that biasing.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Successive-signal biasing for a learned sound sequence

Zhou

Villers-Sidani

Panizzutti

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Adult rats were trained to detect the occurrence of a two-element sound sequence in a background of nine other nontarget sound pairs. Training resulted in a modest, enduring, static expansion of the cortical areas of representation of both target stimulus sounds. More importantly, once the initial stimulus A in the target A-B sequence was presented, the cortical "map" changed dynamically, specifically to exaggerate further the representation of the "anticipated" stimulus B. If B occurred, it was represented over a larger cortical area by more strongly excited, more coordinated, and more selectively responding neurons. This biasing peaked at the expected time of B onset with respect to A onset. No dynamic biasing of responses was recorded for any sound presented in a nontarget pair. Responses to nontarget frequencies flanking the representation of B were reduced in area and in response strength only after the presentation of A at the expected time of B onset. This study shows that cortical areas are not representationally static but, to the contrary, can be biased moment by moment in time as a function of behavioral context. cortical representation | perceptual training | plasticity | primary auditory cortex S uccessive-signal biasing ("prediction"), which is manifested in many behavioral studies in psychoacoustics and linguistics, very significantly contributes to the reception and production of rapidly successive inputs or actions (1-5). This study was designed to begin to reveal fundamental auditory system processes that could account for that biasing. Our primary initial goal was to apply a strategy in training by which an adult rat would be listening for the occurrence of specific stimuli in the context of (cued by the presentation of) other specific stimuli. In this initial study, we trained adult rats to respond to mark their recognition of the occurrence of a specific two-sound sequence, with the onsets of those sounds separated by 300 ms. We reasoned that in the context of this training, the rat might be biased for ("listen for" or "expect") the first sound stimulus, A. If and only if it occurred, cortical networks would hypothetically be biased to favor the reception of the second component of the target-pair stimulus, B.These studies show that training resulted in a modest static expansion of the representation of both sound elements of the target pair and, if and only if the first sound element of the target sound pair was delivered, in significant response biasing selective for the second sound stimulus in the target sequence. ResultsBehavioral Training. Rats in an experimental group (n = 6) were trained to identify a two-element auditory stimulus target presented with nine nontarget pairs (Fig. 1A) to receive food rewards. All initial stimuli in each pair were tones 200 ms in duration presented at 1.5, 3, 7, or 10 kHz. The initial stimulus in a target stimulus pair was 3 kHz (referred to as A). The second stimulus in each pair could again be 1.5, 3, 7, or 10 kHz. Second stimuli were 50 ms in duratio...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Successive-signal biasing for a learned sound sequence

Zhou

Villers-Sidani

Panizzutti

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…The auditory response of AC neurons can be modulated by stimulus sequence (McKenna et al 1989;Brosch et al 1999;Brosch and Schreiner 2000), and some AC neurons respond selectively to a particular sequential combination of sounds (Suga et al 1978;Kilgard and Merzenich 2002;Nakahara et al 2004). These studies suggest that sound sequences can be coded by AC neurons.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sound sequence discrimination learning motivated by reward requires dopaminergic D2 receptor activation in the rat auditory cortex

Kudoh¹,

Shibuki²

2006

Learn. Mem.

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We have previously reported that sound sequence discrimination learning requires cholinergic inputs to the auditory cortex (AC) in rats. In that study, reward was used for motivating discrimination behavior in rats. Therefore, dopaminergic inputs mediating reward signals may have an important role in the learning. We tested the possibility in the present study. Rats were trained to discriminate sequences of two sound components, and licking behavior in response to one of the two sequences was rewarded with water. To identify the dopaminergic inputs responsible for the learning, dopaminergic afferents to the AC were lesioned with local injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). The injection attenuated sound sequence discrimination learning, while it had no effect on discrimination between the sound components of the sequence stimuli. Local injection of 6-OHDA into the nucleus accumbens attenuated sound discrimination learning. However, not only discrimination learning of sound sequence but also that of the sound components were impaired. SCH23390 (0.2 mg/kg, i.p.), a D1 receptor antagonist, had no effect on sound sequence discrimination learning, while it attenuated the licking behavior to unfamiliar stimuli. Haloperidol (0.5 mg/kg, i.p.), a D2 family antagonist, attenuated sound sequence discrimination learning, while it had no clear suppressive effect on discrimination of two different sound components and licking. These results suggest that D2 family receptors activated by dopaminergic inputs to the AC are required for sound sequence discrimination learning.

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“…Pairing either an FM sweep or a train of simple tones increased response strength and decreased the mean onset latency (Kilgard et al, 2001a;Mercado et al, 2001;Moucha et al, in press). Pairing complex stimuli, such as a spectral ripple or a tone-tone-noise sequence, decreased latency without affecting response strength (Kilgard and Merzenich, 2002;Kilgard et al, 2001b). No changes in response strength or latency were noted after two nearby tones were paired with NB stimulation.…”

Section: Changes In Cortical Excitability and Latencymentioning

confidence: 95%

Asynchronous inputs alter excitability, spike timing, and topography in primary auditory cortex

Pandya¹,

Moucha²,

Engineer³

et al. 2005

Hearing Research

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Correlation-based synaptic plasticity provides a potential cellular mechanism for learning and memory. Studies in the visual and somatosensory systems have shown that behavioral and surgical manipulation of sensory inputs leads to changes in cortical organization that are consistent with the operation of these learning rules. In this study, we examine how the organization of primary auditory cortex (A1) is altered by tones designed to decrease the average input correlation across the frequency map. After one month of separately pairing nucleus basalis stimulation with 2 and 14 kHz tones, a greater proportion of A1 neurons responded to frequencies below 2 kHz and above 14 kHz. Despite the expanded representation of these tones, cortical excitability was specifically reduced in the high and low frequency regions of A1, as evidenced by increased neural thresholds and decreased response strength. In contrast, in the frequency region between the two paired tones, driven rates were unaffected and spontaneous firing rate was increased. Neural response latencies were increased across the frequency map when nucleus basalis stimulation was associated with asynchronous activation of the high and low frequency regions of A1. This set of changes did not occur when pulsed noise bursts were paired with nucleus basalis stimulation. These results are consistent with earlier observations that sensory input statistics can shape cortical map organization and spike timing.

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Order-sensitive plasticity in adult primary auditory cortex

Cited by 107 publications

References 37 publications

Successive-signal biasing for a learned sound sequence

Successive-signal biasing for a learned sound sequence

Sound sequence discrimination learning motivated by reward requires dopaminergic D2 receptor activation in the rat auditory cortex

Asynchronous inputs alter excitability, spike timing, and topography in primary auditory cortex

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