Orchidectomy and Oestrogen Therapy Revisited

Iversen, Peter

doi:10.1159/000052290

Cited by 30 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The presence of ERβ in the prostate and testis, classic androgen‐target tissues, and experiments with estrogen receptor knockout mice has clearly indicated that ERβ plays an important role in prostate and testis development (110). This is further supported by the fact that prostate cancer often responds favourably to estrogen treatment due to interaction with androgen‐dependent signaling pathways (111). In addition, there are numerous reports that estrogen and androgen metabolites can interact with both receptor subtypes.…”

Section: The Hair Folliclementioning

confidence: 95%

The biological actions of estrogens on skin

Thornton

2002

Experimental Dermatology

221

157

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There is still extensive disparity in our understanding of how estrogens exert their actions, particularly in non-reproductive tissues such as the skin. Although it has been recognized for some time that estrogens have significant effects on many aspects of skin physiology and pathophysiology, studies on estrogen action in skin have been limited. However, estrogens clearly have an important function in many components of human skin including the epidermis, dermis, vasculature, hair follicle and the sebaceous, eccrine and apocrine glands, having significant roles in skin aging, pigmentation, hair growth, sebum production and skin cancer. The recent discovery of a second intracellular estrogen receptor (ERb) with different cell-specific roles to the classic estrogen receptor (ERa), and the identification of cell surface estrogen

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Section: The Hair Folliclementioning

confidence: 95%

The biological actions of estrogens on skin

Thornton

2002

Experimental Dermatology

221

157

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“…47 The development of prostatic cancer has long been associated with androgens, because orchidectomy androgen ablation with GnRH analogues and antiandrogen administration appear to be useful remedies for prostatic cancer. 48,49 Prostatic cancer, however, usually develops in men in their sixties or older, 6 when the testosterone/estradiol ratio is declining. 50 The decrease in androgens in elderly men is amplified by an age-related increase in plasma sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), which results in a relatively greater decrease in free androgens compared to total androgens.…”

Section: Prostatic Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence and mortality of testicular and prostatic cancers in relation to world dietary practices

Ganmaa

Wang

et al. 2001

Intl Journal of Cancer

113

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The incidence and mortality rates of testicular and prostatic cancers in 42 countries were correlated with the dietary practices in these countries using the cancer rates (1988 -92) provided by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) and the food supply data (1961-90) provided by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). Among the food items we examined, cheese was most closely correlated with the incidence of testicular cancer at ages 20 -39, followed by animal fats and milk. The correlation coefficient (r) was highest (r ‫؍‬ 0.804) when calculated for cheese consumed during the period 1961-65 (maternal or prepubertal consumption). Stepwise-multiple-regression analysis revealed that milk ؉ cheese (1961-65) made a significant contribution to the incidence of testicular cancer (standardized regression coefficient [R] ‫؍‬ 0.654). Concerning prostatic cancer, milk (1961-90) was most closely correlated (r ‫؍‬ 0.711) with its incidence, followed by meat and coffee. Stepwise-multipleregression analysis identified milk ؉ cheese as a factor contributing to the incidence of prostatic cancer (R ‫؍‬ 0.525). The food that was most closely correlated with the mortality rate of prostatic cancer was milk (r ‫؍‬ 0.766), followed by coffee, cheese and animal fats. Stepwise-multiple-regression analysis revealed that milk ؉ cheese was a factor contributing to mortality from prostatic cancer (R ‫؍‬ 0.580). The results of our study suggest a role of milk and dairy products in the development and growth of testicular and prostatic cancers. The close correlation between cheese and testicular cancer and between milk and prostatic cancer suggests that further mechanistic studies should be undertaken concerning the development of male genital organ cancers. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. Key words: testicular cancer; prostatic cancer; dietary practices; milk; cheeseJapanese lifestyle underwent drastic changes after the end of the Pacific War (1945). Most conspicuous was the change in dietary practices. The intake of milk and dairy products, meat and eggs increased 20-, 9-and 7-fold, respectively, during the 48 years between 1950 and 1998. It has been observed that in Japanese males born before 1945, death from testicular cancer peaked in their thirties or forties, whereas in those born after 1946, the peak was in their twenties (a birth cohort effect). From these observations, Ganmaa et al. 1 presumed that the development of testicular cancer in Japanese men is related to the dietary practices of Japanese boys at the time of puberty or earlier.The age-adjusted death rate of prostatic cancer has risen 25-fold almost linearly during the last 48 years from 1947-95, with no birth cohort effect on the death rate. From this, Ganmaa et al. 1 also presumed that the increased death from this cancer relates to an accumulation of the effects of dietary factors throughout life.The incidence of testicular cancer in western countries has steadily risen in the past 40 or 50 years. 2-4 Prostatic cancer is the most common cancer among men in...

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“…Orchiectomy Surgical suppression of testicular male hormones leading to immediate drop in testosterone (Iversen 1998) Limitations include its irreversible nature causing erectile dysfunction, occasional post-operative complications, and associated psychological factors (Cassileth 1989) Estrogens The negative feedback on the hypothalamus afforded by estrogen. Suppression of LHRH release and subsequent decrease not only of LH but also of FSH (Brawer 2001) Cardiovascular complications.…”

Section: Action Side Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leuprorelin depot injection: patient considerations in the management of prostatic cancer

Crawford¹

2008

TCRM

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Hormone therapy is well established for treating patients with prostate cancer and remains the mainstay of the treatment of metastatic and locally advanced disease, this article reviews the rationale for its use, its different forms, and complications and controversies still surrounding some of its modalities. Availability of long-acting synthetic luteinizing hormonereleasing hormone (LHRH) agonists revolutionized the hormonal treatment of prostate cancer, and helped to avoid the emotional and psychological effects related to surgical castration. The depot formula has gained wide acceptance from both patients and physicians. This review emphasizes the newer, long-acting formula, leuprorelin (leuprolide acetate), especially the 6-month formula, its advantage over over shorter-acting depot products, and its potential to become a standard of care for patients eligible for androgen deprivation therapy.

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Orchidectomy and Oestrogen Therapy Revisited

Cited by 30 publications

References 27 publications

The biological actions of estrogens on skin

The biological actions of estrogens on skin

Incidence and mortality of testicular and prostatic cancers in relation to world dietary practices

Leuprorelin depot injection: patient considerations in the management of prostatic cancer

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