Orbital Wall and Volume Relationships

Use of Multidimensional Ct Scan to Assess Status of Orbital Volume in Zygomaticomaxillary Complex Fractures

“…[6,8] Orbital volume can vary up to 7.5 % between orbits in the same person and up to 22% between subjects. [5] In our study, the orbital volume on the affected side following trauma have shown an increase with difference varying from 1.2 cm³ to 3.9 cm³. This result is similar to those of previous studies.…”

“…Cadaver specimen studies in the past exhibited that for each 0.5 ml of volume added to the orbit, globe position changes by 1 mm and a 3 mm displacement of medial and inferior walls results in volume change of 7.1 % and 11.8 % respectively. [5] Therefore an orbital volume increase of 10% that would cause clinically significant enophthalmos was estimated to be an indication for surgery. However, one of the earlier studies stated that a volume increase or decrease by 20% is a reasonable criterion for exploring the orbital floor as well as fixing of the ZMC fractures.…”

Comparison of Orbital Volume Obtained by Tomography and Rapid Prototyping

“…9,17 In this project, it was found that the Ono method determined that the right and left orbits had similar volumes. This finding is in line with the work of Ono et al, 2008, in which it was shown that the orbit of a healthy patient can serve as control for the affected orbit.…”

Validation of Modified Hertel Exophthalmometer

“…For 3 mm of displacement of either the inferior or medial wall, orbital volume will change from 7% to 12%. 20 Studies reveal that area of fractures greater than 1.9 cm 2 and volume of herniated tissue more than 0.9 ml causes a change in the degree of enophthalmos. Enophthalmos becomes clinically evident when the relative exophthalmometric value of affected side lies between 3 mm and 4 mm or more.…”