Orbital Hypertelorism: Surgical Management

3D visualization and simulation in surgical planning of orbital hypertelorism

“…Hypertelorism is rare. Genetic inheritance is likely sporadic with just a few reported cases that suggest autosomal dominance (Soldanska & Taub, 2019). Orbital hypertelorism is not a syndrome in itself, but it may present in many craniofacial syndromes.…”

“…These malformations do not represent a single developmental localized defect, but rather present as a heterogeneous category of variable facial appearances. There are no documented reports of familia transmission or gender predominance (Soldanska & Taub, 2019). FND is a rare condition characterized by hypertelorism, nasal abnormalities and associated with variable midline facial defects (S. Sharma, Sharma, & Bothra, 2012).…”

“…Different measurements have been used to determine the presence and severity of the hypertelorism. These include the interpupillary distance, medial intercanthal distance, lateral interorbital distance, and interdacryon distance (Soldanska & Taub, 2019). Osseous measurements tend to be utilized more often as they differentiate hypertelorism from telecanthus (Yang et al, 2009).…”

“…It is inapplicable, however, in cases with soft tissue alterations such as abnormal epicanthal folds. Interpupillary distance in hyperteloric patients is seldom useful as there are often differences due to ocular deviation such as strabismus (Soldanska & Taub, 2019).…”

“…Increases in interdacryon distance reflect hypertelorism, measured as mild (first degree), 30-34 mm; moderate (second degree), 35-39 mm; and severe (third degree), 40 mm or greater. These measurements vary with age from about 15 mm at birth to about 25 mm in adulthood and are therefore only a guideline in children (Soldanska & Taub, 2019).…”