Oral reading after treatment of dense congenital unilateral cataract

Birch, Eileen E.; Cheng, Christina S.; Vu, Christina

doi:10.1016/j.jaapos.2010.04.007

Cited by 15 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Amblyopia was very pronounced in this study (mean IAD was 0.58 ± 0.20 logMAR with a median of 0.54 logMAR) in comparison with literature. Birch et al (8) , studied 55 children with unilateral cataract operated untill the 6 weeks of age and observed mean IAD of 0.22 logMAR. Drummond et al (13) evaluated 14 children with unilateral cataract who had surgery before the 17 th week of life, and had an IAD of 0.4 logMAR.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is some controversy in the literature regarding the optimal age for surgical removal. Surgery up to 6 weeks of life is believed to provide good outcomes (7)(8)(9) , with a maximum limit until 12 weeks of age (10) . On the other hand, visual acuity of 20/60 could be achieved in uncomplicated cases with surgery in the first 6 months of age (6) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Amblyopia after unilateral infantile cataract extraction after six weeks of age

Ejzenbaum¹,

Salomão²,

Berezovsky³

et al. 2009

Arq. Bras. Oftalmol.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amblyopia after unilateral infantile cataract extraction after six weeks of age

Ejzenbaum¹,

Salomão²,

Berezovsky³

et al. 2009

Arq. Bras. Oftalmol.

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“…The results suggested that treatment initiated at one to six weeks of age maximised the opportunity for normal or near-normal visual development of a congenitally cataractous eye with little or no risk to the phakic fellow eye [96].…”

Section: Cataractsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Vision screening in preschoolers: the New South Wales Statewide Eyesight Preschooler Screening program

Blows¹,

Murphy²,

Martin

et al. 2014

Medical Journal of Australia

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Objective: To evaluate screening and diagnostic outcomes of the New South Wales Statewide Eyesight Preschooler Screening (StEPS) program, a state‐funded, universal vision screening program for 4‐year‐old children. Design, setting and participants: A cross‐sectional evaluation of the StEPS program, in which eligible 4‐year‐old children were offered a vision screen in local health districts in NSW, between 1 July 2010 and 30 June 2011. Main outcome measures: Number and proportion of eligible children who were offered screening; accepted screening; were screened and scored a pass or were referred (routinely or urgently) for further vision assessment; and were referred for further assessment and required intervention. Results: Of 91 324 eligible 4‐year‐olds in NSW, 80 328 (88.0%) were offered screening, and 65 834 (72.1% of the eligible population) were screened. Of the children who were screened, 3867 (5.9%) scored less than 6/9‐2 but better than 6/18 in one or both eyes and were referred to their general practitioner or eye health professional for further vision assessment. A further 1425 children (2.2%) scored 6/18 or less in one or both eyes and were referred for high‐priority assessment. In the two local health districts with the most complete follow‐up data, 704 of 779 children (90.4%) with routine referrals and 278 of 285 (97.5%) with high‐priority referrals required treatment or review at a later date. Conclusions: The StEPS program has achieved a high screening participation rate in NSW. Many children have been diagnosed and received treatment for previously undetected serious vision disorders that may otherwise have been diagnosed too late for effective intervention.

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“…This "reverse occlusion" approach has been validated in animals (11,12) and represents the cornerstone of current treatment (patching therapy) of human amblyopia (13)(14)(15)(16). However, this treatment has well-known limitations that include poor compliance, potential loss of vision through the newly patched eye, failure to recover binocular vision, and a declining treatment efficacy with age (15,(17)(18)(19)(20)(21). Nevertheless, the success of reverse occlusion strategies demonstrates that severely weakened synaptic inputs in the brain can be rejuvenated under appropriate circumstances.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid recovery from the effects of early monocular deprivation is enabled by temporary inactivation of the retinas

Fong

Mitchell

Duffy

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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A half-century of research on the consequences of monocular deprivation (MD) in animals has revealed a great deal about the pathophysiology of amblyopia. MD initiates synaptic changes in the visual cortex that reduce acuity and binocular vision by causing neurons to lose responsiveness to the deprived eye. However, much less is known about how deprivation-induced synaptic modifications can be reversed to restore normal visual function. One theoretically motivated hypothesis is that a period of inactivity can reduce the threshold for synaptic potentiation such that subsequent visual experience promotes synaptic strengthening and increased responsiveness in the visual cortex. Here we have reduced this idea to practice in two species. In young mice, we show that the otherwise stable loss of cortical responsiveness caused by MD is reversed when binocular visual experience follows temporary anesthetic inactivation of the retinas. In 3-mo-old kittens, we show that a severe impairment of visual acuity is also fully reversed by binocular experience following treatment and, further, that prolonged retinal inactivation alone can erase anatomical consequences of MD. We conclude that temporary retinal inactivation represents a highly efficacious means to promote recovery of function. A mblyopia is a widespread form of human visual disability that arises from imbalanced visual experience in the two eyes during infancy or early childhood. The core pathophysiological process underlying amblyopia is ocular dominance plasticity in the primary visual cortex (V1). Ocular dominance plasticity, evolutionarily conserved in mammals with binocular vision, has become a classic paradigm for studying how brain development is influenced by experience and deprivation. A brief period of monocular deprivation (MD) during early postnatal life causes functional depression of synapses in V1 that serve the deprived eye (1-7). Consequently, early-life MD severely and persistently degrades visual acuity through the deprived eye, which typically fails to recover spontaneously when binocular vision is restored (8-10). A critical step in developing targeted interventions for treating amblyopia is to identify strategies for reversing deprivation-driven synaptic modifications in V1.The traditional approach to promote recovery following MD has been to occlude the strong eye to force vision through the weak amblyopic eye. This "reverse occlusion" approach has been validated in animals (11, 12) and represents the cornerstone of current treatment (patching therapy) of human amblyopia (13-16). However, this treatment has well-known limitations that include poor compliance, potential loss of vision through the newly patched eye, failure to recover binocular vision, and a declining treatment efficacy with age (15, 17-21). Nevertheless, the success of reverse occlusion strategies demonstrates that severely weakened synaptic inputs in the brain can be rejuvenated under appropriate circumstances.An insight into how reverse occlusion might promote recovery came fr...

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Oral reading after treatment of dense congenital unilateral cataract

Cited by 15 publications

References 14 publications

Amblyopia after unilateral infantile cataract extraction after six weeks of age

Amblyopia after unilateral infantile cataract extraction after six weeks of age

Vision screening in preschoolers: the New South Wales Statewide Eyesight Preschooler Screening program

Rapid recovery from the effects of early monocular deprivation is enabled by temporary inactivation of the retinas

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